液罐车罐体局部碰撞变形数值分析

Numerical analysis of local collision deformation of tank truck

为了研究液罐车侧翻碰撞时罐体产生的局部变形及应力,对半挂式液罐车进行了侧翻碰撞试验,建立了基于弹塑性接触碰撞理论的液罐车侧翻碰撞有限元模型,并用小孔法测试了变形位置的残余应力,验证了有限元模型的可靠性。研究表明,随着碰撞速度从2 m/s增加至6 m/s,各方向的变形都线性增大,残余应力也不断增加,但增加到570 MPa后基本保持不变。罐体不同位置发生碰撞后的变形及残余应力计算结果表明,相同碰撞速度下,筒体及封头变形相近且最大,罐体加强位置的变形较小;椭圆封头与筒体连接处残余应力最大,罐体加强位置的筒体残余应力相近且最小。

To investigate the local deformation and stress caused by a rollover collision,a rollover experiment was carried out on semi-hung tank truck,and a finite element model was created based on elastic-plastic contact collision theory.In order to verify the validity of the simulation model,the residual stress at the deformation position was measured by the small hole method.Results from numerical simulations reveal that deformation in all directions increases linearly with the increase of impact velocity from 2 m/s to 6 m/s,and residual stress also increases continuously until it reaches 570 MPa.The calculation results of deformation and residual stress after collision of the tank at different positions show that the deformation of the cylinder and head is similar and maximum under the same collision speed.The deformation at the strengthening position of the tank is smaller.The highest residual stress is at the connection between the elliptical head and the cylinder,while the strengthening position of the cylinder has the close and lowest residual stress.