基于二层规划的玛纳斯河灌区山区-平原水库群联合调度

Joint operation of mountain-plain reservoirs group based on bilayerprogramming in Manas River Irrigation District

在水资源总量约束情况下,为缓解玛纳斯河灌区水资源供需矛盾,充分发挥流域内水库群的节水潜力,利用二层规划模型对山区-平原水库群进行联合优化调度.上层优化目标为水库群联调过程中的蒸发渗漏损失最小,模型对平原水库的引水规则和山区水库的调水规则进行优化,增加山区水库的蓄水机会;下层优化目标为灌区缺水指数最小,通过对各水库供水规则的优化,提高各子灌区的供水保证率.结果显示:山区-平原水库群联合调度减少了流域水库群的水量损失.采用优化引调水规则后,水库群多年平均蒸发渗漏损失水量可减少0.22×108m3,与现状水库群运行调度相比减少12.09%;山区-平原水库群联合调度提高了灌区供水保证率.优化供水规则的实行,在现状年和规划年水资源总量控制模拟中,各子灌区灌溉保证率分别提高了6.83%,7.37%,13.00%和17.02%,13.49%,12.97%.利用山区水库和平原水库的蒸发渗漏差异进行水库群联合调度可以达到发挥研究区域水库群节水效益的目的,基于二层规划的玛纳斯河灌区山区-平原水库群联合调度对发挥该研究区域水库群节水效益和提高水资源利用效率具有正向作用.

In order to optimize the water supply dispatching of reservoir groups to irrigation areas and fulfill the water-saving potential of reservoir groups in the basin under the constraint of the total capacity of water resource,the Manas River Irrigation Districts was taken as an example to optimize the joint operation rules of mountain-plain reservoir groups by bilayer programming in this study.The upper level optimization objective was to minimize the evaporation and leakage losses during the joint adjustment process of reservoir groups.The model optimized the water diversion rules of plain reservoirs and mountainous reservoirs to increase the chances of water storage in mountainous reservoirs.By optimizing the water supply rules of reservoir groups in the lower layer,the improvement of water supply guarantee rate of each sub-irrigation district was realized.The optimized result shows that the loss of water resource in the basin reduces by using joint operation rules of reservoir groups.After adopting the optimized water diversion regulation,the average annual evaporation and leakage loss of reservoir groups can be reduced by 0.22×108 m 3,which is 12.09%lower than the current operation of reservoir groups.The guarantee rate of water use in irrigation areas improves by the joint operation of reservoir groups.In the simulation of total water resources control in the current year and the planning year,the guarantee rates of agricultural water use in each sub-irrigation area increase by 6.83%,7.37%,13.00%and 17.02%,13.49%,12.97%respectively.The joint scheduling of reservoirs based on evaporation and seepage differences between mountain-plain reservoirs can achieve exploiting the water-saving benefits of reservoir groups in the study area.The joint scheduling of mountain-plain reservoirs in Manas River Irrigation District based on bilayer programming has a positive effect on exploiting the water-saving benefits of reservoir groups and improving the efficiency of water resources utilization.