哲学咨询的海德格尔路径——一种以“存在论差异”为核心的哲学咨询原型

The Heideggerian Path of Philosophical Counseling:A Prototype Based on"Ontological Difference"

通过对哲学咨询定位方式和其与心理咨询的区分共识进行考察和现象学批判,可以发现哲学咨询就其本旨而言是要通过对“现象”、权力关系、主体历史视域、共情的深入驻足以实现对它们的超越,前进到存在论层次以促成来访者改变。依据海德格尔的“存在论差异”,在悬置现成存在论架构的基础上,经由“现象”整体抵达私人意义上的“存在论的”层次,这种做法可以构成哲学咨询独有的个案概念化。据此,哲学咨询可被定位为在现象学方法论下展开的、关于心理“现象”的咨询实践活动。

Through an analysis and phenomenological critique of the positioning of philosophical counseling and the consensus on its differentiation from psychological counseling,it can be discerned that,fundamentally,philosophical counseling aims to transcend phenomena,power relations,subject's historical horizon,and empathy.It seeks to delve deeply into these aspects to progress to the level of ontology,facilitating transformative changes in the visitors.Drawing upon Heidegger's"ontological difference"and suspending the pre-existing ontological framework,philosophical counseling uniquely conceptualizes individual cases by navigating from the overall"phenomena"to the personal significance of the"ontological"level.Thus,philosophical counseling can be situated as a consultation practice concerning psychological"phenomena,"conducted within the methodological framework of phenomenology.