母乳喂养的历史研究述评

A Review of Historical Research on Breastfeeding

伴随着20世纪60年代~70年代医学史的社会文化转向,母乳喂养议题从医生和历史学家进入了社会史和文化史学家的研究视野。从方法、视角、史料等方面对日渐蔚然的母乳喂养历史研究的趋势加以评述,计量史学对婴儿死亡率、母乳喂养情况记录的解读为相关研究提供了新的方法;儿童史与女性史为母乳喂养的史学研究带来了新的分析视角和框架;母乳喂养作为一种深嵌于不同社会文化语境的选择,基于不同社会和文化语境的细致分析无不揭示了母乳喂养议题的复杂性;全球史强调不同行为体之间的互动性,为母乳喂养治理和政策的反思贡献了一种新的视野。

With the sociocultural turn of medical history in the 1960s and 1970s,the issues of breastfeeding has shifted from being studied primarily by medical historians to being embraced by social and cultural historians.This paper reviews the trends in historical research on breastfeeding in terms of methods,perspectives and resources.Quantitative history has provided new interpretations of the historical relevance between infant mortality rate and records of breastfeeding.The intersection of children's history and women's history has provided fresh analytical perspectives and frameworks for the historical study of breastfeeding.As a choice deeply embedded in various socio-cultural contexts,detailed analyses based on different socio-cultural contexts reveal the complexity of the breastfeeding issue.Global history emphasizes the interactivity between different actors,contributing a new perspective to the reflection on breastfeeding governance and policies.