科学思维:内涵、要素与方法

Scientific Thinking:Connotation,Elements and Methods

从思维的内涵及基本要素出发,分析了科学思维的基石——逻辑体系和证据,阐述了科学思维的客观性、合理性、可验证性、系统性、准确性等特征;探讨了比较、分类、类比、分析、综合、归纳、演绎等科学思维方法的内涵及其运用时的注意事项;分析了杰出科学家的成功机制及思维与品质特征,特别强调了21世纪的科学家应该具备的思维及品质特征及其对科学教育的启示。

From the connotation and basic elements of thinking,this paper analyzed the cor-nerstone of scientific thinking:logical system and evidence,and elaborated on the characteristics of objectivity,rationality,verifiability,systematicity,and accuracy of scientific thinking;Ex-plored the connotations of scientific thinking methods such as comparison,classification,analo-gy,analysis,synthesis,induction,deduction,and the precautions for their application;Ana-lyzed the successful mechanisms and thinking quality characteristics of outstanding scientists,with special emphasis on the thinking quality characteristics that scientists in the 2lst century should possess and their implications for science education.