试论西汉高等级墓葬的柱洞遗迹

On the pillar hole remains in the high-grade tombs of the Western Han Dynasty

目前所见西汉时期高等级墓葬中有多种类型的柱洞遗迹,可以分为入葬前临时建筑遗迹、入葬时临时建筑遗迹、墓葬设施构件遗迹、修建墓道工程遗迹、陵园中寝庙类建筑构件遗迹等几类。其中,入葬时临时建筑遗迹又可以分为覆盖整个墓葬的临时建筑和仅覆盖墓道区域的临时建筑。根据分析,覆盖墓道区域的临时建筑与横穴形制墓外墓道的石砌涵洞式建筑具有一致性。结合墓主身份看,这类墓道内建筑的使用存在规律性。由此推断,这类建筑的使用应该被视为西汉时期高等级群体丧葬实践的一种等级表现。

There are many types of pillar hole remains in the high-grade tombs of the Western Han period,which can be divided into the remains of temporary buildings before burial, the remains of temporary buildings at the time of burial, the remains of burial facilities, the remains of engineering structures for the construction of tomb passages, and the remains of temple-like building elements in the mausoleums, and so on. Among them, the remains of temporary buildings at the time of burial can be divided into temporary buildings covering the entire tomb and temporary buildings covering only part of the tomb passage. According to the analysis, the temporary building covering the part of the tomb passage is consistent with the stone masonry culvert-type building in the outer tomb passage of the horizontal cave-shaped tomb. Combined with the identity of the tomb owner, there is a regularity in the use of this type of building in the tomb passage. It can be inferred that the use of this type of building should be regarded as a hierarchical manifestation of the funerary practices of high-ranking groups during the Western Han period.