19个油茶品种果实主要经济性状和油脂品质的差异分析

Difference Analysis of the Main Economic Characters and Fatty Traits of 19 Camellia oleifera Cultivars Fruit

通过分析安徽省引种的19个油茶品种养分含量等指标,筛选适宜大别山南麓的油茶品种。对19个油茶品种果实的9个主要经济性状及单株产量、7个主要营养成分含量进行差异性及聚类分析。结果表明,19个油茶品种鲜果单果质量、单果鲜籽质量、单株产量、含油率、蛋白质、主要脂肪酸等指标差异极显著‘,湘林7号’鲜果单果质量最大‘,长林3号’鲜出籽率、干出仁率及单株产量均最高。含油率与硬脂酸、油酸含量指标呈极显著正相关,油酸与亚油酸呈极显著负相关。依据评价模型得出‘湘林7号’、‘湘林40号’、‘长林53号’品质最优。聚类分析将19个品种分为4组,‘长林53号’、‘湘林40号’、‘湘林97号’聚为一类,‘长林3号’和‘湘林7号’分别单独聚为一类,其余的油茶品种聚为一类。可依据油酸含量及含油率等指标筛选油茶品种;油茶果实的营养成分含量及主要经济性状差异达到显著水平;大别山南麓适宜栽培品种为‘湘林7号’‘、湘林40号’及‘长林53号’,较适宜品种为‘长林18号’‘、湘林1号’及‘湘林26号’。

Contents of the main nutrients and the main economic characteristics of fruit from 19 Camellia oleifera cultivars were comprehensively analyzed and compared to screen cultivars exhibiting superior quality.To facilitate comparison,a cluster analysis was conducted on the economic characteristics,plant yield and seven main nutrient components of fruit from 19 Camellia oleifera.The study revealed significant differences in the fresh fruit masses,fresh seed mass,plant yield,kernel oil content of protein content and primary fatty acid composition.Notably,‘Xianglin No.7’exhibited the highest fresh fruit mass,while‘Changlin No.3’demonstrated the most elevated rates of fresh seed,dry kernel rate and plant yield.Correlation analysis further established a highly significant positive relationship between oil content and stearic acid as well as oleic acid content,while a significant negative correlation was observed between oleic acid and linoleic acid content.According to the evaluation model,the highest quality cultivars were determined to be‘Xianglin No.7’,‘Xianglin No.40’,and‘Changlin No.53’.Utilizing the outcomes of cluster analysis,the 19 Camellia oleifera cultivars were categorized into four groups,with‘Changlin No.3’and‘Xianglin No.7’forming distinct clusters respectively,while‘Changlin No.53’,‘Xianglin No.40’and‘Xianglin No.97’being grouped together,and other excellent samples of Camellia oleifera cultivars were classified as one type.The content of oleic acid and oil content could offer a scientific basis for the breeding of Camellia oleifera cultivars as genetic resources.Their divergent economic and nutritional attributes provide valuable insights for their development and utilization.In light of the analysis results,the recommended cultivars for cultivation are‘Xianglin No.7’,‘Xianglin No.40’and‘Changlin No.53’,while the more suitable options are‘Changlin No.18’,‘Xianglin No.1’and‘Xianglin No.26’.