生物有机肥对日光温室番茄产量和品质的影响

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Tomato Under Solar Greenhouse Condition

为探究生物有机肥对蔬菜作物产量和品质的影响,以番茄为试材,在日光温室条件下,采用随机区组试验,分析不施肥、单施生物有机肥、单施化肥、生物有机肥+化肥对设施土壤养分、微生物、酶活性、产量、品质等的影响。结果表明,与单施化肥相比,单施生物有机肥、生物有机肥+化肥均显著提高了番茄的产量,分别增产27.28%、47.56%。单施生物有机肥较显著提高了设施土壤的有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,且降低了硝态氮含量;显著增加了土壤放线菌、真菌和细菌类群的数量,碱性磷酸酶、转化酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著提高。单施生物有机肥较其他处理显著提高番茄果实番茄红素和维生素C含量,而降低硝酸盐含量。研究认为单施生物有机肥可显著提高番茄产量和品质,有效改良设施土壤的肥力,可为无公害蔬菜生产提供一定的借鉴。

To explore the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on the yield and quality of vegetable crops,tomato was used as the test material to investigate the influences of single bio-organic fertilizer,single application of chemical fertilizer,and bio-organic fertilizer+chemical fertilizer on facility soil nutrients,microorganisms,enzyme activity,yield,and quality under the condition of solar greenhouse by a randomized block experiment method.The results showed that compared with single application of chemical fertilizer,single application of bio-organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer+chemical fertilizer significantly increased the yield of tomato fruits by 27.28%and 47.56%,respectively.Compared with other treatments,single application of bio-organic fertilizer significantly increased the content of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the facility soil,while clearly reduced the content of nitrate nitrogen.It significantly increased not only the three microbial groups of soil actinomycetes,fungi and bacteria,but also the activities of alkaline phosphatase,invertase,polyphenol oxidase and catalase.In addition,single application of bio-organic fertilizer also significantly increased the contents of lycopene and Vc in tomato fruit,and significantly decreased the content of nitrate compared with other treatments.It is suggested that bio-organic fertilizer can significantly increase the yield and quality of tomato,and effectively improve the fertility of the facility soil.The present study can provide a certain basis and reference for the production of pollution-free vegetables.