烤烟上部6片烟叶一次性采收成熟度的模糊综合评价

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation for Harvest Maturity at One Time of 6 Upper Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

为明确烤烟上部烟叶一次性采收的适宜成熟度,以湖南桂阳烟区种植的‘云烟87’为材料,设计低成熟度(M1)、中成熟度(M2)、高成熟度(M3)3个处理,开展6片上部烟叶采烤成熟度试验,并采用模糊评价方法对烤后烟叶质量和经济性状进行综合评价。结果表明,随上部烟叶采收成熟度提高,鲜烟叶的SPAD值下降;烤后烟叶微带青比例下降,杂色烟叶比例增加;烟叶成熟度提高,结构变为疏松,油分增多;烟叶单叶质量、厚度、叶面积质量、平衡含水率降低;烟叶总糖、还原糖、钾、淀粉含量下降,烟碱含量增加,化学成分可用性提高;但烟叶产量和产值下降。M2处理的外观质量指数较M1、M3分别高6.18%、-2.13%,物理性状指数较M1、M3分别高2.35%、5.30%,化学成分可用性指数分别高30.86%、4.55%,评吸总分分别高10.12%、0.50%,经济性状指数分别高8.96%、12.97%,烟叶质量指数分别高12.53%、1.16%,经济效果综合指数分别高10.11%、6.98%。综合来看,湖南桂阳烟区‘云烟87’上部6片烟叶一次性采收成熟度以M2较为适宜,即叶面变黄50%~80%,主脉变白50%~80%,支脉变白30%~50%,部分茸毛脱落,成熟斑较多;SPAD值在20.44~30.79可作为指导稻茬烤烟6片上部烟叶适宜采收成熟度的参考指标。

To clarify the suitable maturity for one-time plucking of six upper tobacco leaves,‘Yunyan 87’was used as material,and three treatments of low maturity(M1),medium maturity(M2)and high maturity(M3)were designed to carry out the harvesting and curing experiments of different maturity of upper tobacco leaves in Guiyang tobacco area of Hunan,and the fuzzy evaluation method was used to comprehensively evaluate the test results.The results showed that as the harvest maturity of middle tobacco leaves increased,the SPAD value of fresh tobacco and proportion of greenish tobacco leaves decreased,and the proportion of variegated tobacco increased;the maturity of tobacco leaves increased,the structure became loose,and the oil content increased;the single leaf weight of tobacco,thickness of leaf,weight unit leaf area and balance water ratio decreased;the contents of total sugar,reducing sugar,potassium and starch decreased,the contents of nicotine increased,and the availability of chemical components increased;tobacco yield and output value decreased.Compared with M1 and M3,index of appearance quality of M2 treatment was 6.18%and-2.13%higher,physical properties index was 2.35%and 5.30%higher,availability index of chemical components was 30.88%and 4.55%higher,total score of smoking quality was 10.12%and 0.50%higher,the economic properties index was 8.96%and 12.97%higher,index of tobacco quality was 12.53%and 1.16%higher,and the comprehensive economic effect index was 10.11%and 6.98%higher.On the whole,M2 was the most suitable ripeness for the 6 upper tobacco leaves;and the suitable harvest maturity of‘Yunyan 87’of upper leaves in Guiyang tobacco area of Hunan required that leaf surface turned yellow by 50%-80%,main vein became white by 50%-80%,branch vein became white by 30%-50%,part of the hair fell off,and there were more mature spots.When the SPAD value of fresh tobacco was 20.44-30.79,it could be used as a reference for guiding the appropriate harvest maturity of upper tobacco leaves of paddy-tobacco of‘Yunyan 87’.