益生菌基因组学在乳酸菌筛选和功能评价中的应用

Application of Probiogenomics in Screening and Functional Evaluationof Probiotics Lactic Acid Bacteria

乳杆菌和双歧杆菌是益生菌筛选的主要微生物类群,在促进人类、动物甚至植物健康方面都有重要的应用价值,被广泛应用于多种功能性食品、动物饲料和微生物菌肥。然而,这些细菌对宿主健康产生积极影响的分子机制还远未完全了解。另外,传统的益生菌筛选技术主要依靠表型和生理生化特性的测定以及随机对照试验,这些方法不仅耗时、费力,而且数据难以重复。不同研究小组之间数据难以共享,不能实现菌株有益特性的均一性和标准化验证,严重制约了益生菌科学研究的发展和菌株的产业化开发利用。基于新的测序技术和强大的计算机分析方法,被称为益生菌基因组学新学科的出现,允许研究者在短时间内通过筛选大量的生物学和基因组数据,显著提高益生菌筛选的效率和准确性。本文综述了通过基因组数据的分析,帮助人们高效、快速地确定益生菌,开辟益生菌新功能的评价途径。总结益生菌基因组学在阐明益生特性功效评价的分子基础等方面的最新研究成果,以期为扩展研究人员对这些有益微生物生物学的认知,揭示益生菌促进健康特性的分子机制提供新视角。

Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are the main microbial groups for probiotics screening,and have important application value in promoting human,animal,and even plant health.They are widely used in various functional foods,animal feed,and microbial fertilizers.However,the molecular mechanisms by which these bacteria have a positive impact on host health are still far from fully understood.In addition,traditional probiotic screening techniques mainly rely on the determination of phenotype and physiological and biochemical characteristics,as well as randomized controlled trials.These methods are not only time-consuming and laborious,but also difficult to replicate data.It seriously restricted the development of probiotics science and the utilization of strains because the difficulty in sharing data among different research groups,as well as the inability to achieve uniformity and standardized validation of beneficial characteristics of strains.The emergence of a new discipline called Probiogenomics,based on new sequencing techniques and powerful computer analysis methods,allowed researchers to significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of probiotic screening by screening large amounts of biological data in a short period of time,greatly promoted the identification of probiotic characteristics and mechanism characterization.The latest research results on how genomic data analysis can help people efficiently and quickly identify probiotics,open up new functional evaluation pathways for probiotics,and evaluate the molecular basis of probiotic characteristic functions were reviewed in the present paper.The aim was to provide a new perspective for expanding our understanding of these beneficial microbial genomics and revealing the molecular mechanisms by which probiotics promote health characteristics.