汉简中“[木臿]”“锸”释读补说

Textual Research and Supplementary Interpretation of"[木臿](cha)"and"锸(cha)"on Han Bamboo Slips

汉简中有指称农具的专用字“[木臿]/锸”,其右旁或与“齿”形混同,所以历来有学者将这种发生讹混的字释作“[木齿]/鑡”。近年有学者将所谓“[木齿]/鑡”看作“凿”字异体,另有学者认为它记录的是见于魏晋画像砖的丁字形多齿农具的名称。居延新简中有原释为“[木臿]”而近年被学者释为“[木凿]”的字,应是一种有名为“耳”部件的农具,据此简及以往研究,认为只有将其释为“[木臿]/锸”并看作指称农具雷的专用字是相合的。

On Han bamboo slips,"[木臿](cha)/锸(cha)"are used exclusively to refer to the farm tool,臿(cha).In"[木臿](cha)"and"锸(cha)",the radical on the right side is sometimes mixed up with"齿(chi)".As a result,"[木臿](cha)/锸(cha)"have constantly been interpreted as"[木齿]/鑡"by some scholars.In recent years,some scholars have been regarding"chi"as a variant of the Chinese character"凿(zao)",and some others have claimed that"[木齿]/鑡"were used to describe a multi-toothed farm tool in the shape of the Chinese character"丁",as depicted in statuary bricks of Wei-Jin Period.On the newly discovered Juyan bamboo slips,the character which was previously interpreted as"[木臿](cha)"and then as"[木凿](zao)"in recent years should be used to refer to the farm tool fixed with a component called"耳(er)",In the light of these bamboo slips and previous studies,it was concluded that the character should only be interpreted as"[木臿](cha)/锸(cha)",and that it was used exclusively to refer to the farm tool,锸(cha).