论历史规律研究中四个重大问题

Four Major Issues in the Study of Historical Laws

探究“历史主动精神”的深层哲理,推动了对规律研究中重大问题的再次讨论。第一个问题,历史规律是否遵循自然规律?这一问题关系到探寻社会规律的方法。长期被忽视的自然规律可能性这一视域可以用来解释历史规律的条件性和主体选择性,也可用来把握社会规律的客观性与具体道路的选择性的统一。第二个问题,规律的决定因素是什么?这一问题关系到规律与事物基本要素的关系,其解答有助于厘清社会规律孕育、产生、发展的条件。第三个问题,主体能否创造规律?其涉及科学的可能性与选择性、历史活动的“为我关系”“从它关系”、历史活动的“内在价值”“外在价值”、历史活动的普遍规律与特殊规律等层面的关系。第四个问题,主体如何认识和掌握规律?一些掌握规律的路径值得重视,如从不可重复的历史事件到可重复的规律、从心理动机到“背后的决定因素”、从个体之力到“社会合力”。

Exploring the deep philosophical principles of the“historical initiative spirit”has driven further discussion of major issues in the study of laws.The first question is whether historical laws follow natural laws.It is related to the method of exploring social laws.The perspective of the possibility of long-term neglected natural laws can be used to explain the conditionality and subjectivity of historical laws,as well as to grasp the unity of the objectivity of social laws and the selectivity of specific paths.The second question,related to the relationship between laws and basic elements of things,is what the determining factors of the laws are.The answer to this question helps to clarify the conditions for the breeding,emergence,and development of social laws.The third question is whether the subject can create laws.It involves the possibility and selectivity of science,the“for me relationship”and“from other relationships”of historical activities,the“intrinsic value”and“external value”of historical activities,and the general and special laws of historical activities.The fourth question is how the subject understands and masters the laws.Attention should be paid to paths to mastering laws,such as from unrepeatable historical events to repeatable laws,from psychological motivation to“underlying determinants”,and from individual power to“social synergy”.