“无知”、确定性与不确定性--克尔凯郭尔死亡观的伦理立场

“Ignorance”,certainty and uncertainty--The ethical position of Kierkegaard’s view of death

关于死亡的思考,我们多源于对他人死亡的直接或间接经验;如果进行形而上学的追问,又多趋向于对经验的抽象概括。而克尔凯郭尔对于死亡问题的思考,则把思考的方向侧重于伦理的面向。在厘清死亡的主语之后,克尔凯郭尔站在对死亡“无知”的立场,把对死亡的形而上学追问转向了“死亡意味着什么”的伦理追问。克尔凯郭尔对死亡的“无知”是一种关切的无知,进而推动个体反思死亡在自身生存中所扮演的重要作用。死亡的确定性包含了结果的确定性以及精神不朽的确定性,而不确定性则是死亡时间和精神不朽的不确定性。个体在面对死亡确定性与不确定性中,将重新去思考死亡对于生存的重要意义。

generalization of experience.However,Kierkegaard’s thinking on death focuses on the ethical aspect.After clarifying the subject of death,Kierkegaard,standing on the standpoint of“ignorance”of death,turned the metaphysical inquiry of death into the ethical inquiry of“what death means”.Kierkegaard’s“ignorance”of death is a caring ignorance that pushes individuals to reflect on the important role that death plays in their own survival.The certainty of death includes the certainty of outcome and the certainty of spiritual immortality,while the uncertainty is the uncertainty of death time and spiritual immortality.In the face of the certainty and uncertainty of death,individuals will rethink the significance of death for survival.