抗病毒空气过滤材料研究进展

Research progress of antiviral air filtration materials

病毒是指结构简单、通常只含有核酸和少量蛋白质、依靠寄生细胞通过复制增殖的非细胞型纳米级微生物。除了接触传播,病毒也通过气溶胶在空气中进行传播,该途径感染人数最多,是病毒扩散的主要方式。抗病毒空气过滤材料因能有效捕捉并杀死空气中的病毒而成为研究热点,目前已经出现大量关于抗病毒空气过滤材料的研究成果。本文以抗病毒物质为依据,对抗病毒空气过滤材料分为无机、有机、生物基3类,分别阐述这些材料的抗病毒机制、最新研究进展,评述它们的优缺点以及应用前景,为研发新型抗病毒空气过滤材料提供理论知识和研究基础。

Viruses are a kind of non-cellular nanoscale microorganisms with simple structure,only containing nucleic acids and a small amount of protein,which depend on parasitic cells to proliferate by replication.In addition to contact transmission,viruses are also transmitted in the air through aerosols,which infects the largest number of people and is the primary way for the spread of viruses.Antiviral air filtration materials have become a research hotspot because of their ability to effectively capture and kill viruses in the air.A large number of research achievements on anti-virus air filtration materials have emerged.Based on antiviral substances,antiviral air filtration materials are divided into three categories:inorganic,organic and bio-based in this review.The antiviral mechanisms and the latest research progress of these materials are described,and their advantages and disadvantages,as well as application prospects,are reviewed,providing theoretical knowledge and a research basis for the developing new antiviral air filtration materials.