北京市油松林根际真菌种类调查——松山自然保护区为例

Investigation of Rhizosphere Fungi in Pinus tabuliformis Forests in Beijing----Taking Songshan National Nature Reserve as An Example

真菌在土壤生态系统中对分解有机质、保育土壤肥力和促进养分循环等发挥重要作用。为了探究天然和人工油松林下根际真菌多样性,为北京城区及周边山区松林的持续发展、根际真菌资源的合理开发和可持续利用提供科学依据。本研究采用MMN固体平板培养法,通过一代测序技术分析了天然油松林根际和人工油松林根际真菌数量、种类及分布特征。(1)天然油松林根际真菌种类比人工油松林丰富,接合菌门(Zygomycota)和子囊菌亚门(Ascomycotina)为优势真菌菌落。(2)青霉属(Penicillium)是天然油松林根际的主要优势菌落,伞状霉属(Umbelopsis)是人工油松林根际的主要优势菌落。(3)青霉属(Penicillium)、伞状霉属(Umbelopsis)、毛霉属(Mucor)、镰孢菌属(Fusarium)和木霉属(Trichoderma)等是油松林根际土壤优势真菌。(4)从根际真菌类群数量和个体数量上,天然油松林均高于人工油松林。本试验初步筛选、鉴定出2种油松林根际优势真菌,为根际真菌资源的保护、合理开发提供了基础。

Fungi play an important role in decomposing organic matter,preserving soil fertility and promoting nutrient cycling in soil ecosystem.This study aims to explore the diversity of rhizosphere fungi in natural and artificial Pinus tabuliformis forests,and provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of pine forests in Beijing urban and surrounding mountainous areas,as well as the rational development and sustainable utilization of rhizosphere fungi resources.In the study,the number,species and distribution characteristics of fungi in the rhizosphere of natural and artificial P.tabuliformis forests were analyzed by using MMN solid plate culture method and first generation sequencing technology.The results are as follows.(1)The species of rhizosphere fungi in natural P.tabuliformis forests are more abundant than those in artificial forests,and Zygomycota and Ascomycotina are the dominant fungal colonies.(2)Penicillium is the main dominant colony in the rhizosphere of natural P.tabuliformis forests,and Umbelopsis is the main dominant colony in the rhizosphere of artificial forests.(3)Penicillium,Umbelopsis,Mucor,Fusarium and Trichoderma are the dominant fungi in the rhizosphere soil of P.tabuliformis forests.(4)The number of groups and individuals of rhizosphere fungi in natural P.tabuliformis forests is higher than that in artificial forests.This study preliminarily screened and identified two dominant fungi in the rhizosphere of P.tabuliformis forests,and could provide a basis for the protection and rational development of rhizosphere fungi resources.