生物炭和有机肥配施对土壤养分影响的研究进展

Effect of Biochar Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients:A Review

为了解决单施有机肥在用量、肥效以及养分淋失方面并同时提高土壤养分利用效率等问题,以“生物炭”、“堆肥”“生物炭有机肥配施”、“土壤性质”、“农作物养分”等为关键词,在Web of Science、Google Scholar、中国知网等网站搜索相关文献归纳并总结。结果表明:(1)生物炭能够改善堆肥的腐熟程度,增加微生物群落的丰度,降低有机肥中养分流失的风险,从而有效减少传统的堆肥对环境的影响;(2)生物炭和有机肥配施后,可提高土壤含水量,并对不同类型土壤的有效磷、速效钾含量均有不同程度地提高。同时,还能为土壤中的生物和微生物提供更好的生活物质及环境;(3)二者配合施用可以增加农作物的产量,改善其氮、磷、钾含量,但不同农作物对其响应不同。生物炭与有机肥配合施用,对提升土壤肥力和植物养分含量具有良好的效果,其效果随施用比例、土壤类型、农作物种类等因素的不同而异。本研究可对畜禽粪便资源在农业生产中的高效利用提供参考。

To improve soil nutrient utilization efficiency and deal with single manure application problems such as dosage,fertilizer efficiency,and nutrient leaching,“biochar”,“compost”,“biochar manure application”,“soil properties”and“crop nutrients”were used as keywords to search and summarize relevant literatures on sources of Web of Science,Google Scholar,China National Knowledge Internet and others.The results showed that:(1)biochar improved the maturity of composting,increased the abundance of microbial communities,and reduced the risk of nutrient leaching in organic fertilizers,thus effectively reducing the environmental impact of traditional composting;(2)manure combined with biochar could improve soil moisture condition,and increase the contents of the available phosphorus and available potassium of different types of soils.Meanwhile,it could also provide better living materials and an environment for soil organisms and microorganisms;(3)the combination of biochar and organic fertilizer could increase the yield of crops and improve the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,while different types of crops responded to them differently.The combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer enhanced soil fertility and plant nutrition,and its effect varied with the application rate,type of soil and crop and other factors.Our studies could provide a reference for efficient utilization of livestock and poultry manure resources in agricultural production.