AMF介导的菌根植物抵抗重金属Pb胁迫的研究进展

Research Progress on AMF-mediated Mycorrhizal Plants Resistance to Heavy Metal Pb Stress

土壤是植物养分的重要来源以及物质基础,近年来,由于工业“三废(废气、废水、废渣)”治理不完全、矿业生产活动以及农业肥料的滥用等造成土壤重金属Pb富集,而Pb是一种有毒有害重金属物质。重金属Pb因在土壤中不易降解导致Pb污染,引起Pb在植物体内富集,影响植物的生长发育,最终重金属Pb通过食物链在人体内富集并危害人类生命。目前,微生物修复技术是一项经济、高效的治理重金属Pb污染的方法。AMF作为与人类农业生产关系最密切的真菌,一直是科学界研究热点,AMF不仅有利于植物养分吸收、生长发育,而且帮助植物抵御外界不良环境的侵害。但在协助植物抵抗Pb胁迫方面的研究则较少受到关注,因此,本文主要综述了Pb对植物毒性的影响、AMF提高植物抗重金属Pb胁迫影响及机制、应用探讨等,期望可为维持农业可持续生产和保障人类身体健康以及植物逆境生理研究、治理植物重金属Pb胁迫提供基础资料。

Soil is an important source and material basis of plant nutrients.In recent years,the incomplete management of three industrial wastes(waste gas,waste water,and waste residue),mining production activities and agricultural fertilizer abuse have caused the enrichment of heavy metal Pb,which is a toxic and harmful heavy metal.The heavy metal Pb is not easily degraded in the soil,leading to Pb pollution,causing Pb enrichment in plants,affecting the growth and development of plants.And eventually,the heavy metal Pb is enriched in human body through the food chain and endangers human life.Currently,microbial remediation technology is an economical and efficient method to manage heavy metal Pb contamination.AMF,as the fungus most closely related to human agricultural production,has been a research hotspot in the scientific community.However,less attention has been paid to research on assisting plants to resist Pb stress.Therefore,this paper mainly reviewed the effects of Pb toxicity on plants,the mechanisms and applications of AMF in improving plants’resistance to heavy metal Pb stress,expecting to provide basic information for maintaining sustainable agricultural production and ensuring human health,as well as plant adversity physiological research and management of heavy metal Pb stress in plants.