红螯螯虾幼虾对4种水稻农药耐受性研究

Tolerance of Red Claw Crayfish Juvenile to Four Kinds of Rice Pesticides

为了解稻田常用的生物农药或杀虫剂对红螯螯虾大规格幼虾的毒性效应,测定了中生菌素、氯虫·噻虫嗪、噻唑锌和井冈霉素A对其的急性毒性反应。结果表明:4种农药对红螯螯虾大规格幼虾96 h半致死浓度分别为19.66、1.65、1132.83、2092.07 mg/L。安全浓度分别为5.65、1.27、260.40、248.11 mg/L,根据耐受性和行为特征观察发现,4种药物对于4 cm左右的红螯螯虾幼虾的毒性大小依次为氯虫·噻虫嗪>中生菌素>噻唑锌>井冈霉素A,根据国家标准(GB/T16310.5—1996),噻唑锌和井冈霉素A对于4 cm红螯螯虾幼苗属于无毒农药,中生菌素属于微毒农药,而氯虫·噻虫嗪为中毒农药。本试验明确了红螯螯虾幼虾对水稻常用农药的耐受性,为红螯螯虾-水稻综合种养过程中的病害防治工作提供参考。

In order to understand the toxic effects of commonly used biopesticides or insecticides(zhongshengmycin,chlorantraniliprole-thiamethoxam,Zn thiazole and validamycin A)in rice field,semi-static acute toxicity test for aquatic organism was conducted on juvenile red claw crayfish(about 4 cm).The results showed that 96 h semi-lethal concentration of the four pesticides against juvenile red claw crayfish were 19.66 mg/L,1.65 mg/L,1132.83 mg/L and 2092.07 mg/L,respectively.The safe concentrations were 5.65 mg/L,1.27 mg/L,260.40 mg/L and 248.11 mg/L respectively.According to the results of behavior and tolerance,the toxicity of the four pesticides to the juvenile red claw crayfish were in the order of chlorantraniliprole-thiamethoxam>zhongshengmycin>validamycin A>Zn thiazole.Furthermore,in accordance with the national standard(GB/T16310.5-1996),Zn thiazole and validamycin A were non-toxic pesticides,zhongshengmycin was slightly toxic,and chlorantraniliprole-thiamethoxam was medium toxic pesticide for juvenile red claw crayfish.This research defined the tolerance of juvenile red claw crayfish to four major pesticides used in rice.It was expected to provide reference for disease control in the process of co-culture of rice and red claw crayfish.