口腔颌面部肿瘤术后吞咽障碍的评估和康复管理专家共识

Expert consensus on the evaluation and management of dysphagia after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery

手术治疗是口腔颌面部肿瘤的主要治疗手段,吞咽障碍是患者术后的常见并发症。吞咽障碍不但可导致误吸、营养不良、吸入性肺炎等严重后果,还可能引发心理问题和社会交往障碍,影响患者的生活质量。目前国内针对口腔颌面部肿瘤术后合并吞咽障碍的问题尚缺乏一个系统的评估和康复治疗管理方案。在前期临床实践的基础上,结合口腔颌面肿瘤患者术后吞咽障碍的特点及总结颌面肿瘤外科和康复领域专家的临床经验,回顾和总结国内外相关文献,组织相关专家经共同讨论,从吞咽障碍的筛查、评估和康复治疗管理的实施方案等核心内容方面达成共识,以期为临床相关工作提供参考。

Surgical operation is the main treatment of oral and maxillofacial tumors.Dysphagia is a common postoperative complication.Swallowing disorder can not only lead to mis-aspiration,malnutrition,aspiration pneumonia and other serious consequences,but also may cause psychological problems and social communication barriers,affecting the quality of life of the patients.At present,there is no systematic evaluation and rehabilitation management plan for the problem of swallowing disorder after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery in China.Combining the characteristics of postoperative swallowing disorder in patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors,summarizing the clinical experience of experts in the field of tumor and rehabilitation,reviewing and summarizing relevant literature at home and abroad,and through joint discussion and modification,a group of national experts reached this consensus including the core contents of the screening of swallowing disorders,the phased assessment of prognosis and complications,and the implementation plan of comprehensive management such as nutrition management,respiratory management,swallowing function recovery,psychology and nursing during rehabilitation treatment,in order to improve the evaluation and rehabilitation of swallowing disorder after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery in clinic.