基于热舒适与可达性耦合视角的严寒城市街区冬季活力研究

Research on winter vitality of severe cold city blocks based on the coupling perspective of thermal comfort and accessibility

在严寒地区极寒的气候条件影响了城市街区使用效益及空间活力的背景下,以哈尔滨中华巴洛克历史文化街区为研究对象,通过实测调研、问卷标记、数值模拟、叠图分析、耦合加权等研究方法,探究热舒适与可达性对于街区冬季活力的耦合影响,并提出街区活力改善策略.研究发现热舒适与可达性是影响街区冬季活力的重要因素,街区空间组构的差异显著影响了可达性,活动行人对高可达性区域敏感度较高;同时街区内不同形态空间的热舒适水平也存在明显不同,相对舒适的热环境易吸引人们休憩停聚.不同组构类型的空间以及不同的热环境会营造不同的空间活力,热舒适与可达性叠加等级越高,空间使用频率就越高.此研究理论方法及分析结果将为严寒城市街区活力提升、更新设计提供新思路.

Under the background that the extremely cold climate conditions in the severe cold area affect the use efficiency and spatial vitality of urban blocks.This paper takes the Chinese-Baroque historical and cultural block in Harbin as the research object,and explores the comprehensive influence of thermal comfort and accessibility on the winter vitality of the block through environmental measurement,questionnaire marking,numerical simulation,overlay analysis,coupling weighting and other research methods,and put forward a strategy to improve the vitality of the neighborhood.The study found that thermal comfort and accessibility are important factors that affect the winter vitality of blocks.The difference in block space structure significantly affects accessibility.People are more sensitive to areas with high accessibility;at the same time,the thermal comfort level of different forms of space in the block is also significantly different,and the relatively comfortable thermal environment attracts people to rest and stay.Space types with different structure and different thermal environments will create different spatial vitality.The higher the superimposed level of thermal comfort and accessibility,the higher the frequency of space use.The theoretical methods and analysis results will provide new ideas for the vitality improvement and renewal design of severely cold urban blocks.