中国国家公园设施建设:原则与制度

China's National Park Facilities Construction:Principle and System

国家公园设施建设是实现国家公园综合功能的重要基础,是国家公园发挥生态系统服务功能的组成部分。目前,中国国家公园设施建设研究处于初期阶段,明确原则和制度对建立统一科学规范高效的国家公园体制具有重要意义。系统梳理了2016年陆续推出的10个国家公园体制试点文件,归纳了国家公园设施建设存在的4点问题:建设总量不明确、分类标准不清晰、建设规范不完善、环境影响评价不足。针对以上问题,提出6点原则为国家公园设施建设提供参考:建设规模最小化、生态影响最小化、设施风貌朴素化、分类标准统一化、规建运维精细化、内外协调一体化。同时,提出了4项关键制度设计参考:严格总量控制、制定正面清单、规范建设标准、完善环评制度。

National park facilities construction is an essential part for realizing the comprehensive functions of the park,and is also the basis for national park to perform the ecological service functions.At present,the research on national park facilities construction in China is at an early stage,and it is of great significance to clarify the principles for the establishment of a unified,scientific,standardized and efficient national park system.This article reviews the 10 pilot programs for the national park system introduced in 2016,highlighting 4 issues with the construction of national park facilities:unclear construction totals,uncertain classification criteria,inadequate construction standards,and insufficient environmental impact assessments.Therefore,this article proposes 6 principles for China's national park facilities construction:minimizing construction scale,minimizing ecological impact,maintaining simple and natural appearance of facilities,unifying classification standards,refining operation and maintenance,and integrating internal and external coordination.Additionally,4 key institutional measures of system's design are suggested:restricting the total construction amount,establishing the positive list(PL),regulating construction standards,and improving the environmental impact assessment(EIA)system.