风景园林渐进式行动设计

Landscape Progressive-action Design

随着中国城镇化发展迈入质量提升的新阶段,城市存量空间更新和环境品质提升项目不断增多,风景园林设计实践也将面临复杂性提升、实施难度增大、内涵更加丰富、项目来源拓展等新的发展趋势,需要探索更多灵活、有效的设计路径。采用对设计进行研究(Research into Design,RiD)和通过设计进行研究(Research through Design,RtD)2种设计研究方法,结合北京京张铁路遗址公园和大栅栏梦想花园计划2个实践项目的探索,提出风景园林渐进式行动设计模型。设计模型主要是一个螺旋渐进式的行动框架,包括一系列行动周期。每个行动周期有相应目标,主要划分为策划-设计-实施-评估-优化5个行动阶段,需要重点关注周期目标、资源触媒、专业协同方、利益相关方和经验成效5个方面的关键影响因素。在这一过程中,风景园林师要注重角色转变、寻找触媒、重视评估和跨界动员4个方面的重点工作。渐进式行动设计路径不是要取代传统的设计路径,而是在面对一些条件复杂、推进困难的项目时,可以试验的一种新的方向。

With the development of China's urbanization entering a new stage of quality improvement,the number of urban space renewal and environmental quality improvement projects is increasing,and landscape architecture design practice will also face new development trends such as increasing complexity,increasing implementation difficulty,richer connotations,and expanding project sources,which require exploring more flexible and effective design paths.By using two design research methods,Research into Design(RiD)and Research through Design(RtD),and combining the exploration of two practice projects,Beijing Jingzhang Railway Heritage Park and Dashila Dream Garden Project,the progressive action design model for landscape gardens is proposed.The design model is mainly a spiral and progressive action framework,including a series of action cycles.Each action cycle has corresponding goals and is divided into five action phases:planning-design-implementation-evaluation-optimization,which need to focus on five key influencing factors:cycle goals,resource catalysts,professional collaborators,stakeholders and experience effectiveness.In this process,landscape architects should focus on four key aspects:role change,finding catalysts,valuing evaluation and mobilizing across borders.The progressive action design path is not meant to replace the traditional design path,but a new direction that can be tested when facing some projects with complex conditions and difficulties in moving forward.