论禽滑釐的法哲学

A Study of Qin Guli's Philosophy of Law

在先秦诸子中,禽滑釐是一个可以与墨翟并称的墨家代表人物。为了全面理解先秦墨家的法哲学,对禽滑釐的法哲学有必要给予专门的论述。借助各种文献,禽滑釐的法哲学作为他建构文明秩序的一种构想,同时也作为一种源出于禽滑釐的文明秩序原理,可以被概括为四个要点:在文与质的关系上,主张质先于文;在己与物的关系上,主张舍己济物;在强与弱的关系上,主张扶弱御强;在道与器的关系上,主张以器载道。禽滑釐的法哲学具有兼容综合、因行成义、实效主义等方面的特质,在继承墨子法哲学的基础上,又有一定的发展创新。禽滑釐虽然不尚多言,但他对文明秩序及其建构方式的思考与选择、言说与行动,具有知行合一的品质,个性鲜明,自有其相对独立的法哲学意义。

Among the pre-Qin philosophers,Qin Guli is a representative figure of the Mohist school on a par with Mozi.Discussions of Qin Guli's legal philosophy will help us better understanding the legal philosophy of pre-Qin Mohism.As a concept and principle for constructing a civilized order,Qin Guli's philosophy of law can be summarized into four points:on the relation between ornamental accomplishments and natural plainness,he preferred the latter;on the relationship between oneself and things,he advocated self-sacrifice;on the relation between the strong and the weak,he advocated supporting the weak to resist the strong;and on the relation between the abstract and the concrete,he advocated that the latter are for conveying the former.Qin Guli's legal philosophy has the characteristics of compatibility,pragmatism,and being action-oriented in pursuit of righteousness.He inherited and innovated Mozi's legal philosophy,and his consideration and choice,as well as speech and action on civilized order and the construction ways are distinct and independent,possessing the quality of unifying knowledge and action.