废锂离子电池的冶金回收工艺研究进展

Research Progress on Metallurgical Recovery Process of Waste Lithium Batteries

回收废锂离子电池对资源可持续性和人类健康至关重要。废锂离子电池需要经过预处理拆解为各种组分,其中正极材料是各种组分中最具回收价值和意义的部分。目前,冶金工艺是废锂离子电池正极材料回收的主要方法,该工艺主要包括废锂离子电池的预处理、有价金属的提取、产品的回收3个阶段。总结了各阶段的主要方法和进展,并对比了各种方法的优缺点。经对比发现在废锂离子电池的预处理阶段中,机械化的处理方式是未来的发展方向;在有价金属的提取和产品回收的2个阶段中,将各种工艺相耦合来开发绿色、低成本、高效率的组合工艺将是今后的发展趋势。

The recycling of waste lithium-ion batteries is crucial for resource sustainability and human well-being.Waste lithium-ion batteries need to undergo pre-processing and disassembly to separate various components,among which the cathode material holds the highest recycling value and significance.Currently,metallurgical processes are the main methods for the recycling of waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials.These processes typically involve three stages:pre-processing of waste lithium-ion batteries,extraction of valuable metals,and recovery of products.This paper summarized the main methods and advancements in each stage and compared the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches.Through comparison,it is found that in the pre-processing stage of waste lithium-ion batteries,mechanized treatment methods are the future direction.In the stages of extracting valuable metals and recovering products,coupling various processes to develop a green,low-cost,and highly efficient integrated process will be the future trend.