三层组合陶瓷复合装甲的抗侵彻性能及其损伤机制

Anti-penetration Performance and Damage Mechanism of Three-layer Composite Ceramic Armor

为了研究相同面密度下Kevlar/SiC-TC4-超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)复合靶板的复合结构参数对其抗弹性能的影响和失效机理,选用4组不同厚度组合的靶板试样,并使用12.7 mm穿燃弹以相同着靶速度(488 m/s)进行弹道冲击实验。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究复合装甲板在弹道侵彻下的损伤模式。实验结果表明:在所述实验条件下8 mm+2 mm+10 mm厚度组合的Kevlar/SiC-TC4-UHMWPE复合靶板是最佳的抗侵彻工程应用结构;在同等面密度条件下,将1 mm厚陶瓷替换成同等面密度的TC4钛合金背板(约0.5 mm厚)时,复合装甲板的抗弹道侵彻性能提升了约29.69%,可见钛合金的结构参数对复合装甲板抗弹性能的影响权重大于SiC;钛合金背板面密度的增加不仅增强了对陶瓷的支撑作用,而且增加了弹-靶作用时间,提升了复合靶板的整体防护性能;12.7 mm穿燃弹侵彻后复合装甲板的损伤模式包括SiC碎裂、钛合金背板少量隆起变形及十字形拉伸撕裂损伤、UHMWPE层合纤维背板剪切断裂、层间分离和纤维拉伸;在整体复合装甲的设计中,应将高抗剪材料放置在背板的前几层,将高抗拉材料放置在背板后几层,以充分利用每种材料。

In order to investigate the effects of composite structural parameters of Kevlar/SiC-TC4-UHMWPE composite target plates with the same areal density on their anti-ballistic performances and their failure mechanisms,the samples of four different thickness combinations of target plates were selected,and the ballistic impact tests were conducted using 12.7 mm armor-piercing incendiary(API)projectiles at the same impact velocity(488 m/s).A scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to study the damage mode of composite armor plate under ballistic penetration.The experimental results show that the Kevlar/SiC-TC4-UHMWPE composite target plate with a thickness combination of 8 mm+2 mm+10 mm under the described experimental conditions is the best structure for anti-penetration engineering.The anti-ballistic performance of the composite armor plate is improved by about 29.69%under the same areal density conditions when 1 mm thick ceramic is replaced by a TC4 titanium alloy back plate(about 0.5 mm thick)with the same areal density.This indicates that the structural parameters of titanium alloy have a greater impact on the anti-ballistic performance of the composite armor plate than those of SiC.In addition,the surface density of titanium alloy backplate is increased not only to enhance its support for ceramics,but also increase the time for projectile-target interaction,thus improving the overall protection performance of composite target plate.The damage mode of the composite armor plate after being penetrated by a 12.7 mm API projectile includes SiC fragmentation,the small uplift deformation,“cross”stretching and tearing damage of titanium alloy back plate,and the shear fracture,interlayer separation and fiber stretching of UHMWPE composite fiber back plate.In the design of the overall composite armor,the high-shear resistant materials should be placed in the front layers of the back plate,while the high-tensile resistant materials should be placed in the back layers of the back plate in order to fully utilize each material.