降低甘蔗对重金属吸收的施肥模式探究

Exploration of the Fertilization Methods for Decreasing Heavy Metal in Sugarcane

【目的】探究不同施肥处理对甘蔗重金属含量、甘蔗产量和品质的影响。【方法】以甘蔗‘柳城05-136’品种为研究对象,设置:化肥(A)、藻类活性细胞生物肥(B)、生物有机肥(C)、藻类活性细胞生物肥+生物有机肥(D)、不施肥(CK)5个施肥处理。【结果】与化肥(A)处理相比,藻类活性细胞生物肥(B)、生物有机肥(C)以及藻类活性细胞生物肥+生物有机肥(D)处理均能显著降低甘蔗植株镉、汞、砷、铬等重金属的含量,分别减少了0.05~0.08 mg/kg、0.01~0.02 mg/kg、0.09~0.13 mg/kg、0.19~0.43 mg/kg;另一方面,与化肥(A)处理相比,藻类活性细胞生物肥(B)或生物有机肥(C)处理甘蔗产量和有效茎数虽然显著低于化肥处理,分别减少了1500~4455 kg/hm^(2)和1860—2090株/hm^(2),但藻类活性细胞生物肥+生物有机肥(D)处理与化肥处理之间无显著差异。此外,与不施肥(CK)和化肥(A)处理相比,藻类活性细胞生物肥(B)、生物有机肥(C)以及藻类活性细胞生物肥+生物有机肥(D)处理均显著提高了甘蔗蔗糖含量与锤度,分别增加了0.1%~1.27%和0.2%~2.84%。【结论】藻类活性细胞生物肥(B)、生物有机肥(C)以及两者混合施用处理(D)均可显著降低甘蔗植株镉、汞、砷、铬等重金属的含量,同时藻类活性细胞生物肥+生物有机肥混合施用处理(D)还可以显著提高了甘蔗的产量和品质。

【Objective】This study aims to investigate the effects of different fertilization treatments on the heavy metal content,yield,and quality of sugarcane.【Methods】Cane variety“GL05136”under five fertilization treatments,i.e.,chemical fertilizer(A),algae active cell bio-fertilizer(B),bio-organic fertilizer(C),algae active cell bio-fertilizer+bio-organic fertilizer(D)and non-fertilizer(CK)were carried out in this study.【Results】In comparison with chemical fertilizer(A)treatment,the contents of heavy metals in sugarcane,such as cadmium,mercury,arsenic and chromium were all significantly decreased by application with algae active cell bio-fertilizer(B),bio-organic fertilizer(C)and algae active cell bio-fertilizer+bio-organic fertilizer(D)treatments,and the decreasing contents were 0.05-0.08 mg/kg,0.01-0.02 mg/kg,0.09-0.13 mg/kg and 0.19-0.43 mg/kg,respectively.Additionally,in comparison with chemical fertilizer(A)treatment,the cane yield and the numbers millable stalk in algae active cell bio-fertilizer(B)and bio-organic fertilizer(C)treatments were significantly reduced by 1500-4455 kg/hm^(2) and 1860-2090 plants/hm^(2),respectively.However,there were no significant differences between algae active cell bio-fertilizer+bio-organic fertilizer(D)and chemical fertilizer(A)treatment.Moreover,the sucrose content and sugarcane juice brix all could be significantly improved by application with algae active cell bio-fertilizer(B),bio-organic fertilizer(C)and algae active cell bio-fertilizer+bio-organic fertilizer(D)treatment,compared with CK and A treatments,and the increasing range were 0.1%-1.27%and 0.2%-2.84%,respectively.【Conclusion】The algal active cell biological fertilizer(B),bioorganic fertilizer(C),and their combination(D)can significantly reduce the content of heavy metals such as cadmium,mercury,arsenic,and chromium in sugarcane plants.Additionally,the combined application of algal active cell biological fertilizer+bioorganic fertilizer(D)can also significantly increase the yield and quality of sugarcane.