甜菜品种间氮效率差异及其对产质量的影响

Study on Variance of Nitrogen Efficiency Among Sugar Beet Varieties and Its Effect on Yield and Quality

【目的】研究不同类型甜菜品种氮素吸收利用差异及其与产质量的关系,以期为生产上氮肥精准施用奠定基础。【方法】采用大田试验方法,以丰产型(‘HI1003’)、标准型(‘IM1162’和‘SX1511’)和高糖型(‘KWS1197’)甜菜品种为试验材料,设置N_(0)(0 kg/hm^(2))、N_(75)(75 kg/hm^(2))和N_(225)(225 kg/hm^(2))施氮处理,测定甜菜不同生育时期干物质量分配、根冠比、氮积累与分配、氮效率和产质量指标。【结果】(1)甜菜生育期氮素吸收利用特征呈单峰曲线变化趋势,在8月9日达到高峰;(2)8月份块根及糖分增长期,N_(0)和N_(75)处理下,丰产和高糖型品种地上部干物质分配较标准型品种增加4.57%~36.77%,标准型品种根冠比变化幅度低于高糖和丰产型品种;(3)N_(75)处理下,高糖型品种收获期氮肥利用率最高,较标准型品种‘SX1511’和‘IM1162’分别增加58.44%和71.26%;N_(225)处理下,氮肥利用率和产量是丰产型品种最高,其产量较标准型品种‘IM1162’和‘SX1511’分别增加10.31%和14.06%。【结论】块根及糖分增长期是氮素调控产质量的关键时期,在该时期进行氮素调控,在发挥品种氮素吸收利用最大效率的同时可实现丰产或高含糖的目标。

【Objective】In order to investigate the differences in nitrogen absorption and utilization among different types of sugar beet varieties and their relationship with yield and quality,and lay a foundation for the precise application of nitrogen fertilizer in farming,【Methods】field experiments were conducted using high-yield(‘HI1003’),standard(‘IM1162’and‘SX1511’)and high-sugar(‘KWS1197’)types of sugar beet varieties.N_(0)(0 kg/hm^(2)),N_(75)(75 kg/hm^(2))and N_(225)(225 kg/hm^(2))were set to evaluate dry matter allocation,root-to-shoot ratio,nitrogen accumulation and distribution,nitrogen efficiency,and yield and quality index at different growth stages.【Results】The results showed that:(1)the characteristics of nitrogen uptake and utilization during the growth period of sugar beet showed a unimodal curve,which reached a peak on August 9th.(2)During the period of root and sugar accumulation in August,the aboveground dry matter allocation of high-yield and high-sugar varieties increased by 4.57%-36.77%compared to the standard varieties under the treatments of N_(0) and N_(75),and the variation range of root-to-shoot ratio of standard varieties were lower than that of high-yield and high-sugar varieties.(3)The nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of high-sugar varieties was the highest during harvest under N_(75) treatment,which increased by 58.44%and 71.26%,respectively,compared to the standard varieties‘SX1511’and‘IM1162’.The nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and the yield of high-yield variety was the highest under N_(225) treatment,and the yield increased by 10.31%and 14.06%,respectively,compared with the standard varieties‘IM1162’and‘SX1511’.【Conclusion】The root growth and sucrose accumulation were the key stages for nitrogen regulation of yield and quality,during which nitrogen regulation can achieve the goal of high yield or high sugar content while maximizing the efficiency of nitrogen absorption and utilization of varieties.