河北省县域农业生态效率时空演化及影响因素

The Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Ecological Efficiency at County-Level in Hebei Province

近年来,国家对农业生态发展高度重视,河北省不同县域的自然地理条件和农业经济发展水平存在较大差异,研究其县域农业生态效率,有助于推动农业可持续发展。文章运用超效率SBM模型测算2011—2020年河北省167个县域的农业生态效率,从县域整体和生态类型区2个层面研究农业生态效率时序演化规律,再借助ArcGIS软件研究农业生态效率空间分布格局和空间方向演化,最后对河北省县域农业生态效率进行空间效应检验,利用空间计量分析工具研究农业生态效率的影响因素。研究表明:2011—2020年河北省县域农业生态效率高值区县域主要集中分布在河北省西北部和东北部;研究期间农业生态效率总体呈先上升后又缓慢下降的变化态势;农业生态效率空间分布存在集聚性,标准差椭圆重心位置和分布范围均整体向西南方向偏移;农业生态效率存在空间效应,农业产业结构、农民收入水平、农业机械密度、城镇化率对农业生态效率存在正向作用,化肥使用强度、灌溉率、农业规模化水平对农业生态效率存在负向作用。提升河北省县域农业生态效率需充分发挥技术生态效能,发展农业适度规模经营;结合空间分布格局,提升区域生态效率;提高农资利用效率,推进农业生产节能减污;优化农业产业结构,提升农民收入水平;加大政府支持力度,坚持因地制宜发展。

In recent years,the state attaches great importance to the development of agricultural ecology.There are great differences in the natural geographical conditions and levels of agricultural economic development of different counties in Hebei Province,so the study on county-level agricultural ecological efficiency can facilitate sustainable development of agriculture.This paper used the super-SBM model to measure the agro-ecological efficiency of 167 counties in Hebei Province from 2011 to 2020,and then studied the temporal evolution of agro-ecological efficiency from the two levels of county as a whole and ecological area.Then it studied the spatial distribution pattern and spatial direction evolution of agricultural ecological efficiency using ArcGIS software,and finally carried out the spatial effect test on the agricultural ecological efficiency of counties in Hebei Province,and studied the influencing factors of agro-ecological efficiency by spatial econometric analysis tools.The paper finds that from 2011 to 2020,the counties with high agricultural ecological efficiency in Hebei Province were mainly concentrated in the northwest and northeast of Hebei Province.During the study period,the overall agro-ecological efficiency showed a trend of first increasing and then slowly decreasing.The spatial distribution of agro-ecological efficiency is agglomerated,and the position and distribution range of the standard deviation elliptic center of gravity are shifted to the southwest as a whole.There is a spatial effect on agricultural ecological efficiency.Some factors have positive effects on agricultural ecological efficiency such as agricultural industrial structure,farmers′income level,agricultural machinery density and urbanization rate,while other factors have negative effects on agricultural ecological efficiency such as fertilizer use intensity,irrigation rate and agricultural scale.To improve the ecological efficiency of counties in Hebei Province,it is necessary to give full play to the technical ecological efficiency and develop moderate-scale agricultural operation;combined with the spatial distribution pattern,improve regional ecological efficiency;improving the utilization efficiency of agricultural resources,promote energy conservation and pollution reduction in agricultural production;optimizing the structure of agricultural industry,improve the income level of farmers;increasing government support,adhere to development according to local conditions.