中共建党初期培育工人阶级意识的历史考察

A Historical Investigation of the Cultivation of Working-Class Consciousness in the Early Years of the Communist Party of China

在马克思主义中国化的历史视域下,中国工人阶级意识的觉醒既有深刻的社会历史背景,也离不开中国共产党历史主动精神的发挥。受无产阶级世界革命运动的启示和影响,中共建党初期对早期中国工人阶级生存的社会现状及其自身局限性有较清楚的认识,也认识到唤醒工人阶级意识的重要意义。中共通过开办工人夜校、刊发宣传读物和成立工会、领导工人运动等组织方式,以经济斗争维护工人阶级利益、以政治斗争领导工人阶级罢工、以思想斗争激发工人阶级革命力量,致力于培育工人阶级意识的革命实践。在中国共产党的引领下,中国工人完成了无产阶级身份的确认,其阶级意识实现了从自发到自觉的飞跃。中共也由此成为工人阶级的先锋队,领导和推动了中国新民主主义革命。

Under the historical perspective of the localization of Marxism in China,the awakening of the consciousness of the Chinese working class broke out at a profound social and historical background and was inseparable from the initiative of the Communist Party of China(CPC).Owing to the inspiration and influence of the proletarian’s world revolutionary movement,the social status quo of the working class in early China and its own limitations,the CPC realized at the early stage of its founding the significance of awakening the consciousness of the working class.The CPC devoted itself to the revolutionary practice of fostering working-class consciousness through the opening of night schools for workers,the publication of propaganda materials,the establishment of labor unions,and the guidance of the workers’movement.It defended the interests of the working class through economic struggles,led strikes of the working class through political struggles,and stimulated the revolutionary strength of the working class through ideological struggles.Under the leadership of the CPC,the Chinese workers confirmed their proletarian identity,and their class consciousness made a leap from spontaneity to self-awareness.The CPC thus became the vanguard of the working class,leading and promoting China’s New Democratic Revolution.