常见植物精油在反刍动物疾病防治中的应用

The application of common plant essential oils in the prevention and treatment of ruminant diseases

[目的]总结几种常见植物精油的来源、组分、种类、生物学活性及其在反刍动物疾病防治中的应用。[方法]通过查阅相关文献,对植物精油相关内容进行概述和分析。[结果]植物精油是一种天然低毒、低残留、高生物活性的芳香气味混合物,如牛至精油、百里香精油、肉桂精油等,主要生物活性物质为百里香酚、香芹酚、肉桂醛等。植物精油具有抗菌、抗氧化、驱虫和杀虫等作用,对反刍动物奶牛乳房炎、繁殖障碍性疾病、寄生虫以及肢蹄病具有良好的实践应用效果。[结论]植物精油来源广泛、生物活性高,可以在畜禽养殖生产、动物疾病防治中进一步推广和研究应用。

[Objectives]The sources,components,types,biological activities,and applications of several common plant essential oils in the prevention and control of ruminant diseases were summa-rized.[Methods]The contents related to plant essential oils were summarized and analyzed by review-ing relevant literature.[Results]Plant essential oils including oregano essential oil,thyme essential oil,cinnamon essential oil,and others are natural aromatic odor mixture with low toxicity,low residue and high biological activity.The main bioactive components are thymol,carvacrol,cinnamaldehyde,etc.Plant essential oils have antibacterial,antioxidant,deworming,and insecticidal effects,and have good application effects on the mastitis,reproductive disorders,parasites,and foot and limb diseases in ruminant dairy cows.[Conclusions]Plant essential oils have a wide range of sources and high bio-logical activity.They can be further promoted and applied in livestock and poultry production,and the prevention and control of animal disease.