黄河流域生态安全评估与影响因素分析

Ecological Security Assessment and Influencing Factors Analysis of the Yellow River Basin

黄河流域是我国重要的能源基地,受人类高强度开发建设影响,黄河流域生态环境问题突出。为评估黄河流域生态安全水平,明确生态安全影响因素,根据黄河流域生态环境特点,选取22个指标构建压力-承载力-维护力(PCM)生态安全评估指标体系,利用熵权法确定指标权重,分析黄河流域除四川省外各省(区)生态安全水平。研究结果表明:黄河流域整体生态安全指数从2000年的0.295上升为2020年的0.343,各省(区)生态安全指数青海>内蒙古>甘肃>陕西>山西>河南>山东>宁夏;人均水资源量、投入矿山修复资金占比、自然保护区面积占比是影响黄河流域生态安全水平的主要因素;黄河流域各省(区)生态安全水平具有空间差异性。

The ecological security of the Yellow River Basin has a very important strategic position in the high⁃quality development pattern,for which is an important energy base and ecological barrier in China.However,under the influence of human activities and climate change,the ecological security of the Yellow River Basin is threatened.In order to assess the degree of ecological security in the Yellow River Basin and identify the influencing factors of ecological security,according to the characteristics of the ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin,22 indicators were selected to built the Pressure⁃Carrying Capacity⁃Maintenance Force(PCM)ecological security evaluation index system of the Yellow River Basin.The entropy weight method was used to evaluate the weight of each index,and the ecological security index of the provinces in the Yellow River Basin was analyzed except sichuan province.The results show that the overall ecological security index of the Yellow River Basin has benn increased from 0.295 in 2000 to 0.343 in 2020.The ecological security index of each province is Qinghai>Inner Mongolia>Gansu>Shaanxi>Shanxi>Henan>Shandong>Ningxia.The per capita water resources,the proportion of funds invested in mine restoration and the proportion of nature reserve area are the main factors affecting the ecological security level of the Yellow River Basin.The overall ecological security level of the Yellow River Basin has been at a sensitive level,and the degree of ecological security in each province has spatial differences.