北京明长城沿线乡村聚落空间形态特征及其影响因素研究

Study on the Spatial Morphological Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Rural Settlements Along the Ming Great Wall in Beijing

明长城军防体系对周边乡村聚落空间形态产生深远影响并表现出复杂差异性。本研究以北京市密云区30个明长城沿线聚落空间为研究对象,通过调查、量化、对比分析城堡内、外聚落空间和一般聚落空间三者之间的形态差异,梳理北京明长城沿线聚落空间形态特征,分析其影响因素。研究发现,聚落规模、聚落边界形态、路网连接程度、公共空间分形维度和建筑之间规模秩序与城堡有明显的关联关系。明长城军防体系、自然环境限制和生活方式转变是影响明长城沿线聚落空间形态特征的主要因素。本研究为明长城沿线聚落空间形态特征认知、传统村落保护发展规划、长城文化遗产空间的保护与传承提供借鉴。

The Ming Great Wall military defense system has had a profound impact on the spatial form of the surrounding rural settlements and has shown complex differences.Taking 30 settlements along the Ming Great Wall in Miyun District,Beijing as the research object,this study investigates,quantifies,and compares the morphological differences between the general settlement space and the settlement space inside and outside the Chengbu,and analyzes the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of the settlements along the Ming Great Wall in Beijing.It is found that settlement scale,settlement boundary morphology,degree of road network connectivity,degree of public space structure,and floor area order have obvious correlations with Chengbu.The military defense system of the Ming Great Wall,natural environmental restrictions,and lifestyle changes are the main factors affecting the spatial morphological characteristics of settlements along the Ming Great Wall.This study provides references for the cognition of spatial morphological characteristics of settlements along the Ming Great Wall,the conservation and development planning of traditional villages,and the protection and inheritance of the Great Wall cultural heritage space.