水利水电工程扰动区生态护坡技术比较研究

Comparative study of ecological slope protection technology in vegetation degradation areas disturbed by water conservancy projects

水利水电工程建设中,易造成边坡生态退化,影响周边景观,造成生物多样性减少。为探究因工程扰动而导致的植被破坏和生长基质缺失问题,以及如何通过生态护坡技术来改善建设后河道或边坡等植被退化区域的环境,阐述了工程扰动植被退化区生态护坡的概念、机理、原则及其发展情况,并从植物生长基质特性的角度比较分析了现有生态护坡技术:人工植草护坡技术、骨架植草护坡技术、喷播植草护坡技术(包括液压喷播植草护坡、厚层基材喷射植被护坡、客土喷播植草护坡和植被混凝土喷播护坡)、植生袋护坡技术、框格梁植生袋护坡技术等。结果表明:现有生态护坡技术兼具边坡维稳和景观美学效益,但仍存在局限性和挑战,需将生态护坡技术与植被生长基质特性需求相结合,以实现生态修复的长期效果。

In the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects,it can cause the ecological degradation on the slopes,impacting the surrounding landscape,and reducing site biodiversity.To investigate issues related to vegetation destruction and the loss of growth substrate resulting from construction disturbances in water conservancy and hydropower projects,as well as how to enhance the environment post-construction by using the ecological slope protection technology,particularly in areas of vegetation degradation,such as river channels or slopes.We described the concept,mechanism,principle and development of engineering disturbance of ecological slope protection from the standpoint of vegetation growth matrix characteristics and application.We also conducted an analysis and comparison of existing ecological slope protection technologies,encompassing artificial grass slope protection technology,skeleton grass slope protection technology,spraying grass slope protection technology(including hydraulic spraying grass slope protection,thick-layer base material spraying vegetation protection,guest soil spraying grass slope protection,and vegetation concrete spraying slope protection),vegetation bag slope protection technology,and framed lattice beam vegetation bag slope protection technology,etc.The research results showed that current ecological slope protection technology provided benefits in terms of slope stability maintenance and landscape aesthetics,but it still encountered some challenges.Ecological slope protection technology should be integrated with the characteristics of vegetation growth substrate to facilitate long-term ecological restoration.