电弧炉水冷炉盖的一种泄漏问题的分析

Analysis of Leakage Problem of Water Cooled Furnace Cover of Electric Arc Furnace

现代化工业炼钢中,电弧炉炼钢占有较大的市场地位。电炉设备的故障率会直接影响到炼钢企业的生产效益。如何降低故障率,提高设备的使用效率,一直是困扰冶炼厂和设备制造商一大难题。泄漏作为电弧炉水冷设备的一种主要的失效形式,产生的原因很多,也很复杂,炉内冷却壁经常会出现烧损、烧漏、耐火材料脱落等现象,造成冷却钢管的表面温度过高、变形,产生热疲劳。由于炉盖长期并反复处在这种工作条件下,当达到一定极限时,稍有外力作用便会开裂。排烟口是炉盖开裂最多的部位,此处温度高,冷热交变频繁,不单是炉盖应力集中突出的部位,也是炉盖裂缝出现最多的地方。针对电炉炉盖在实际生产运行中产生的一类泄漏问题,结合产品生产工艺、材料特点、热处理工艺和冶炼生产的环境、工况、实践等,对开裂部位的钢管试样进行成分检测、拉伸试验和金相分析,综合各种检测的结果,作出了一些浅显的判断,希望能给相关方面技术人员提供一点借鉴。

In modern industrial steelmaking,electric arc furnace steelmaking occupies a larger market position.The failure rate of electric furnace equipment will directly affect the production efficiency of steelmaking enterprises.How to reduce the failure rate and improve the use efficiency of equipment has always been a big problem plaguing smelters and equipment manufacturers.Leakage as a main failure form of electric arc furnace water cooling equipment,the causes are many and very complex,the cooling wall in the furnace often appear burning,burning leakage,refractory material falling off and other phenomena,resulting in the surface temperature of the cooling steel pipe is too high,deformation,thermal fatigue.Because the furnace cover is in this working condition for a long time and repeatedly,when it reaches a certain limit,it will crack under the action of a little external force.The smoke outlet is the most cracked part of the furnace cover,where the temperature is high and the cold and hot change is frequent.It is not only the part of the furnace cover stress concentration and prominent,but also the place where the furnace cover cracks appear most.In view of the leakage problem of the furnace cover in the actual production and operation of the electric furnace,combined with the production process,material characteristics,heat treatment process and the environment,working condition and practice of smelting production,it conducts chemical composition detection,tensile test and metallographic analysis of the steel pipe sample in the cracking part,and makes some simple judgments based on the results of various tests.Hope to provide some reference for relevant technical personnel.