高水平科技自立自强的内涵特征、评价指标与实现路径

The Connotation, Characteristics, Evaluation Indicators and Realization Path of Sci-tech Self-reliance and Self-strengthening at Higher Levels

高水平科技自立自强是高水平科技自立和高水平科技自强的有机统一,具有自主性、引领性、开放性、体系性、可持续性等重要特征。实现高水平科技自立自强的主要标志是关键核心技术自主可控、重要创新成果全球领先、国际科技合作紧密高效、体系化创新支撑能力强、科技创新体制机制完善,可以用关键核心技术自给率、高被引论文占全球比重、三方专利拥有量占全球比重、全社会研发投入与国内生产总值比值、知识产权出口额占全球比重、全球创新指数排名等18个指标进行衡量。经过多年的发展,我国科技自立自强取得明显成效,但也存在原始创新能力还不强、科技生态需要进一步优化等问题,亟须抓住破除体制机制障碍这个关键,深化科技体制改革,加快构筑完善的新型举国体制、原创技术激发机制、开放合作机制、创新生态育成机制和持续投入机制,形成符合科研规律,有效满足国家发展和市场需求,鼓励创新、开放包容、充满活力、系统有效的科技创新体制机制。

Sci-tech(Science and technology)self-reliance and self-strengthening at higher levels are the organic combination of higher level of sci-tech self-reliance and higher level of sci-tech self-strengthening,with important characteristics such as independence,leadership,openness,systematicity and sustainability.The main signs of achieving sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening at higher levels include the independent and controllable key core technologies,world-leading innovation achievements,close and efficient international scientific and technological cooperation,strongly supported systematic innovation ability,and well-found sci-tech innovation system and mechanism.The sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening levels can be measured by 18 indicators,such as self-sufficiency rate of core technologies in key fields,the proportion of highly cited papers in the world,the proportion of third-party patent ownership in the world,the ratio of total social R&D investment to GDP,the share of intellectual property exports in the world and the ranking of the global innovation index etc.After years of development,China has achieved significant results in sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening aspects.However,there are also problems such as weak original innovation capabilities and not optimized scientific and technological ecology.It is urgent to seize the key to remove institutional hurdles,deepen the reform of the scientific and technological system,and accelerate the construction of a sound new system for mobilizing resources nationwide,motivation mechanism for original technology,mechanism for open cooperation,mechanism for cultivating an innovative ecosystem and continuous investment mechanism,in order to form an open,inclusive,dynamic,systematic and effective sci-tech innovation system that conforms to the laws of scientific research,effectively meets national development and market demands,and encourages innovation.