世俗与超越:老年精神生活的质性研究——基于江苏省80位老年人的调查与分析

Secularity and Transcendence:a Qualitative Study of Spiritual Life of the Elderly Based on the Interviews with 80 Elderly People in Jiangsu Province

精神生活是人为了自身的发展而进行的精神生产、交流、享受和超越活动,是人的世俗生活意识化和主体意识对象化交互作用的形态及过程,兼具世俗与超越二重性,对老年人的生活质量及身心健康具有重要意义。以江苏省内80位60岁以上的老年群体为研究对象展开访谈调查,发现我国老年人的精神生活方式主要包括娱乐休闲、学习适应、审美创造、社会情感和价值信仰五个方面。老年人普遍缺乏对道德及人生意义的探索,世俗化倾向明显,精神超越性显现不足,因而有待加强社区老年精神文化建设,激活老年社会功能。

Spiritual life refers to the activities of spiritual production,communication,enjoyment and transcendence carried out by human beings who engage in for their own development.It is the form and process of the interaction between the counscousization of human secular life and the objectifica⁃tion of subjective consciousness,which is both secular and transcendent.It is of great significance to the quality of life and physical and mental health of the elderly.In this study,we have conducted in⁃terviews with 80 elderly people over 60 years old in Jiangsu Province,and found that the spiritual life⁃styles of the elderly in China encompass five aspects:recreation and leisure,learning and adaptation,aes⁃thetic creation,social emotion,values and beliefs.Elderly people generally lack the exploration of morali⁃ty and the meaning of life,with obvious tendency of secularization and insufficient spiritual transcen⁃dence.Thus it is necessary to strengthen the construction of community spiritual culture and activate the social functions for elderly.