矿业开采对长白山区山涧溪流水生生物影响研究

Study on the effects of mining on aquatic organisms in mountain streams of Changbai Mountain area

东北虎豹国家公园的建设对我国东北虎和东北豹的保护起到了明显的提升作用。但先于东北虎豹国家公园建设且位于核心区内的矿业开采是否会对周边的水体带来影响,尚无研究。本研究以该区域内典型长白山区山涧溪流香房河为研究区,于2021年10月进行水体理化指标、浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖动物和鱼类资源调查,运用生物多样性指数对采样断面水体的水生生物群落结构特征进行分析,并对水质进行综合评价。调查结果显示,香房河浮游植物共3门33属42种,其中硅藻门数量最多,占比64%;浮游动物2类15种,以轮虫为主,占比60%;底栖动物2门22属22种,以昆虫纲物种数最多,占比91%;鱼类2纲6目8科20种,以鲤形目物种最多,占比60%。水生生物多样性指数表明河流水质处于β-中污染型~清洁型,浮游生物群落结构趋于简单化,矿业开采并没有对区域内河流水质及水生生物产生较大影响。以期为分析矿业开采对长白山区山涧溪流水生生物的影响和东北虎豹国家公园的建设与管理提供科学依据。

The construction of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park has played a significant role in improving the protection of Siberian tiger and Amur leopard in China.However,there is no research on whether mining in the core area,which preceded the construction of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park,will have an impact on the surrounding water bodies.In this study,Xiangfang River,a typical mountain stream in Changbai Mountain area,was selected as the research area.The physical and chemical indexes,phytoplankton,zooplankton,benthic animals and fish resources of Xiangfang River were investigated in October 2021.The characteristics of aquatic community structure in the sampling section were analysed by using the biodiversity index,and the water quality was comprehensively evaluated.The results showed that there were 3 phyla,33 genera,42 species of phytoplankton in Xiangfang River,among which diatom was the most abundant,accounting for 64%.There were 2 categories,15 species of zooplankton,rotifers were main species,accounting for 60%.There were 2 phyla,22 genera,22 species of benthonic animals,insect species was the most numerous,accounting for 91%.There were 2 classes,6 orders,8 families,20 species of fish,cypriniformes were the most species,accounting for 60%.The aquatic biodiversity index showed that the river water quality was in theβ-medium pollution to clean type,the community structure of plankton tended to simplify,and the mining had no great impact on the river water quality and aquatic organism in the region.It provides a scientific basis for analysing the influence of mining on the aquatic organism of mountain stream in Changbai Mountain area and the construction and management of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park.