早期介入丹佛模式治疗孤独症谱系障碍研究进展

Research progress in early start denver model for treatment of autism spectrum disorder

早期介入丹佛模式(ESDM)是一种早期干预12~36月龄孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的综合性干预方法,建立于应用行为分析、丹佛模式(DM)和核心反应训练等理论基础之上,属于自然发展行为干预的一种,与其他早期干预方法比较,ESDM不受干预场所的限制,在教学实践中能够涵盖所有的发育领域,目前已经被广泛应用于ASD儿童的早期干预中,并取得了较好疗效。ESDM通常采用一对一密集训练干预模式,但在实际应用中延伸出多种干预模式,如小组ESDM(G-ESDM)、父母实施的ESDM (P-ESDM)和同伴介导的ESDM,特别是G-ESDM和P-ESDM为更多家庭提供了学习机会,应用前景十分广阔。现结合国内外相关研究成果,从ESDM的理论基础、教学模式和多种干预模式的干预效果等方面介绍ESDM治疗ASD的研究进展,以期为进一步研究ESDM干预ASD的机制提供参考。

Early start denver model(ESDM)is a comprehensive early intervention approach for the children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)between 12-month-old-36-month-old.The model is built upon the theoretical foundations of applied behavior analysis,denver model(DM),and pivotal response treatment,and it is one of the naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions.Compared with the other early intervention methods,ESDM is not limited by the environment of intervention;it encompasses all the areas of development during teaching practice and has been widely adopted for the early intervention of the children with ASD,and achieves the satisfactory therapeutic effect.The ESDM typically uses an intensive one-on-one intervention approach,but variabilities have emerged in its practical application,such as group ESDM(G-ESDM),parent-implemented ESDM(P-ESDM),and peer-mediated ESDM.In particular,G-ESDM and P-ESDM have provided the learning opportunities for more families,showing a broad application prospect.This study reviews the theoretical foundations,teaching models,and the effects of various intervention modalities of the ESDM in the treatment of ASD;combined with the domestic and international research findings,this study offers a reference for further studies on the mechanism of ESDM intervention for ASD.