小区谷物联合收获机割台设计与试验研究

Design and Experimental Study on Combine Harvester Header for Plot Crops

在对现有收获机割台的设计原理和优缺点进行对比分析的基础上,设计了拨禾轮齿带毛刷清扫、风吹清种、中间喂入、环形橡胶输送带柔性输送的卧式全喂入割台,避免金属制输送器对种粒的挤压损坏和易残留问题,实现种子收获时降低破损率和混种率的目的。对割台各部件进行形式对比和计算分析,得到最佳割台组合形式。为避免收获过程中受割刀机构的惯性不平衡力、切割作用的冲击载荷、拨禾轮和割台输送机构等运动元件载荷引起的共振,对设计完成的收获割台底架进行了模型分析,保证了割台底架形式的有效性。运用回归分析试验设计方法,对割台拨禾装置建立了数学模型,并进行了优化分析处理,为小区育种机械化收获技术提供了理论与技术支持。

Based on comparative analysis of design principle and advantages and disadvantages of existing harvester header,a horizontal full-feed header with brush cleaning,wind-blown seed cleaning,intermediate feeding and flexible conveying of annular rubber conveyor belt was designed to avoid the problems of extrusion damage and easy residue of seed by metal conveyors,so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the damage rate and mixed rate of seed harvesting.The form comparison and calculation analysis of each component of the header device were studied,and optimal combination form of the header device was obtained.In order to avoid the resonance of inertial unbalance force of the cutter mechanism,impact load of the cutting action and the working load of the moving elements such as cutting wheel and the header conveying mechanism in harvesting process,modal analysis of the under frame of designed harvesting header was carried out to ensure the effectiveness of the header structure.Using regression analysis and experimental design methods,a mathematical model of the header dialing device was established,and the optimization analysis was carried out,which provided theoretical and technical support for the mechanized harvesting technology of plot breeding.