论行政规章的民事司法适用

On the Application of Administrative Rules and Its Judicial Application in Civil Trials

经审查认定为合法有效的行政规章可以作为民事裁判说理依据。但部分司法实践径行将规章作为裁判依据适用或者未经审查即作为说理依据,削减了论证的外部正当性,且不加合法有效审查的规章可能超出法律、行政法规的授权范围或者与上位法相抵触,这涉及公法对私法自治的过分干预,将扰乱民事司法秩序。在现有规范下,构建规章间接干预私法自治的两个通道——说理裁判依据和事实构成,以保障规章的说理适用;同时,借鉴行政诉讼较为成熟的实体性审查标准对规章进行合法有效审查,在考量审查结果时关注审判权的谦抑性,共同保证民事裁判对行政规章的正确适用。

The administrative regulations that have been examined and found to be lawful and effective can be used as the basis for civil rulings.However,in some judicial practices,rules are directly used as the basis for judgments and rulings are used as the basis for reasoning without review,which reduces the external legitimacy of argument,and rules without legitimate and effective review may exceed the scope of authorities of laws and administrative regulations or contradict with superior laws.This involves the excessive interference of public law to the autonomy of private law,which will disturb the civil judicial order.Under the existing norms,we shall establish two channels of indirect intervention of regulations on the autonomy of private laws—reasoning and facts,to ensure the application of regulations.Meanwhile,we shall conduct a legal and effective review of rules by referring to the relatively mature substantive review standards for administrative litigation,pay attention to the necessity of judicial power when considering the review results,and jointly ensure the correct application of the administrative rules in civil adjudications.