48份粗山羊草种质资源表型性状多样性分析

Analysis of Phenotypic Diversity of 48 Aegilops tauschii Germplasms

粗山羊草分布范围广,遗传变异丰富,被认为是改良普通小麦的重要基因源。本研究对48份粗山羊草种质材料的表型性状进行了遗传多样性分析,结果表明,18个表型性状均表现较大遗传变异,其中最大的是旗叶长(36.38%),其次为千粒重(33.22%);14个表型性状在亚种Ae.tauschii ssp.tauschii和Ae.tauschii ssp.strangulata之间呈显著差异(p<0.05);相关性分析表明,在6个长性状(穗长、小穗长、护颖长、外稃长、内稃长、籽粒长)和6个宽性状(旗叶宽、小穗宽、护颖宽、外稃宽、内稃宽、籽粒宽)中,任何两个性状均呈显著或极显著正相关(p<0.05或p<0.01);主成分分析提取了前5个主成分,其累积贡献率为83.469%,第1和第2主成分反映小穗形态,第3主成分主要反映株型形态,第4主成分反映护颖形态,第5主成分反映籽粒形态;聚类分析将48份粗山羊草种质划分为两大类,第Ⅰ类的26份种质主要来源于西亚和南亚,倾向于“宽”的表型性状,如小穗宽、护颖宽、外稃宽、内稃宽、籽粒宽具有显著或极显著优势;第Ⅱ类22份种质主要来源于中亚,倾向于“长”的表型性状,如穗长、旗叶长、护颖长具有极显著优势。

Aegilops tauschii Coss.is considered as an important gene source for improving common wheat,which has wide distribution and rich genetic variation.The genetic diversity of phenotypic traits were analyzed in 48 Ae.tauschii accessions.The results showed that the 18 phenotypic traits showed high genetic variation,among which the largest was flag leaf length(36.38%),followed by thousand-kernel weight(33.22%).And,the 14 phenotypic traits were significant differences between subspecies Ae.tauschii ssp.tauschii and Ae.tauschii ssp.strangulata(p<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that any two traits had significant or highly significant positive correlations among six length traits(spike length,spikelet length,glume length,lemma length,palea length,grain length)and six width traits(flag leaf width,spikelet width,glume width,lemma width,palea width,grain width)(p<0.05 or p<0.01).The first five principal components reflected spikelet,plant type,glume and grain morphologies were extracted by principal component analysis,and and their cumulative contribution rate was 83.469%.The first and second principal components reflected spikelet morphology,the third principal component mainly reflected plant type morphology,the fourth principal component reflected glumes morphology,and the fifth principal component reflected grain morphology.The 48 Ae.tauschii germplasms were divided into two groups by cluster analysis.The 26 germplasm of ClassⅠwere mainly from West Asia and South Asia,and tended to be‘wide’phenotypic characters,such as spikelet width,sheath width,lemma width,glume width and grain width.The 22 germplasm of ClassⅡwere mainly derived from Central Asia,and tended to be‘long’phenotypic characters,such as ear length,flag leaf length and glume length.