贵州高粱种质资源遗传多样性分析及核心种质鉴定

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Core Germplasms Identification of Guizhou Sorghum Resources

高粱地方品种蕴藏着许多重要农艺性状的优良基因资源,是高粱遗传改良的重要载体。本研究利用10个表型性状和23对SSR引物对373份贵州省高粱种质资源进行遗传多样性调查,并筛选鉴定核心种质资源。结果表明,373份高粱种质表型调查显示较低的遗传多样性,部分表型间具有显著的相关性。SSR标记扫描共获得了85个标记位点,Shannon多样性指数为0.59,Nei's多样性指数为0.32,多态性信息含量为0.29。聚类分析和主成分分析显示,贵州高粱地方种质不能根据来源地聚集在一起,表现出较近的亲缘关系。利用Core hunter软件构建的贵州高粱核心种质包含111份材料,等位基因覆盖度为95.24%。核心种质和所有种质在表型性状和SSR标记的相关遗传指标间并无显著差异(p<0.05)。聚类分析和主成分分析也显示,核心种质能够很好地代表全部种质的遗传变异和群体结构,可为贵州高粱的品种改良、优良基因挖掘以及种质创新打下基础。

Landraces contain excellent genetic resources for many important agricultural traits and are important carriers for genetic improvement of sorghum.In this study,the genetic diversity of 373 sorghum germplasm resources in Guizhou Province were analysed using 10 phenotypic traits and 23 pairs of SSR(simple sequence repeals)molecular markers,and finally core germplasms were selected and identified.The results showed that phenotypic survey of 373 sorghum resources showed low genetic diversity and significant correlations between some phenotypes.A total of 85 marker loci were obtained by SSR markers scanning.The Shannon diversity index was 0.59,the Nei's diversity index was 0.32,and the polymorphic information content(PIC)was 0.29.Cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that Guizhou sorghum germplasm cannot be clustered according to their origins,exhibiting low genetic diversity and closer kinship.A core germplasm of Guizhou sorghum was constructed using Core Hunter software,which included 111 accessions,accounting for 95.24%allelic coverage.There was no significant difference in the phenotypic traits and SSR marker genetics indicators between the core germplasm and all germplasm(p<0.05).Cluster analysis and principal component analysis also indicated that the core germplasm could well represent the genetic diversity and population structure of all germplasm,laying a foundation for genetics improvement,gene mining,and germplasm innovation of Guizhou sorghum.