重庆市主城区居民饮用水9种微量元素含量特征及其健康风险评价

Content Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Nine TraceElements in Drinking Water of Residents in Chongqing Urban Area

为明确重庆市主城区饮用水中微量元素含量及其对居民健康的潜在影响,采集主城区居民末梢饮用水80件、水源地水样3件,室内测定水样中As、Ba、Cr、Cu、Mo、Ni、Sb、Se、Zn含量,并采用USEPA推荐的健康风险评价模型,评估饮用水中微量元素的健康风险水平。结果表明:①重庆市主城区居民末梢饮用水中9种微量元素均值(算术均值,下同)均未超过国家《生活饮用水卫生标准》。②儿童和成人的总健康风险均值分别为8.72×10^(-5)a^(-1)和3.56×10^(-5)a^(-1),在USEPA推荐的最大可接受标准(10-6~10^(-4)a^(-1))内,但儿童总健康风险高于成人。③居民末梢饮用水健康风险主要表现为Cr和As的致癌风险,儿童和成人致癌风险均呈现R Cr(8.54×10^(-5)a^(-1)和3.48×10^(-5)a^(-1))>R As(1.62×10^(-6)a^(-1)和6.74×10^(-7)a^(-1)),但均低于USEPA推荐的最大可接受标准(10^(-4)a^(-1))。因此饮用水中Cr和As是重庆市主城区居民饮用水产生健康风险的主要物质,需进一步加强这2种元素的监测和管理。

In order to evaluate the concentration of trace elements in drinking water and assess their potential hazards to human health,we collected a total of eighty terminal tap water samples from residents’homes,along with three river water samples from water sources in the urban area of Chongqing.Subsequently we measured the concentrations of As,Ba,Cr,Cu,Mo,Ni,Sb,Se,and Zn in these water samples,and assessed the health risks of these elements in drinking water by using the health risk assessment model recommended by USEPA.Results revealed that(1)The average(arithmetic mean,the same hereinafter)concentrations of the nine trace elements in drinking water meet the national standards for drinking water quality.(2)The total health risks of trace elements to children and adults are 8.72×10^(-5)a^(-1)and 3.56×10^(-5)a^(-1),respectively,which falls within the maximum acceptable standard(10-6-10^(-4)a^(-1))recommended by USEPA.However,the total health risks to children are higher than those for adults.(3)The carcinogenic risks posed by Cr and As for children and adults are 8.54×10^(-5)a^(-1)and 1.62×10^(-6)a^(-1),3.48×10^(-5)a^(-1)and 6.74×10^(-7)a^(-1),respectively,lower than the maximum acceptable levels(10^(-4)a^(-1))set by USEPA.In conclusion,Cr and As are primary sources of health risks in the drinking water of main urban area of Chongqing.Thus,monitoring and management of Cr and As shall be strengthened in future.