“新华盛顿共识”下美国农业法案发展走向及中国的应对

Development Trend of the U.S.Farm Bill under the“New Washington Consensus”and China’s Response

美国农业政策经历了价格支持政策、生产灵活性与市场取向政策、风险保障与多元化政策、市场取向政策再度回归四个阶段。“新华盛顿共识”作为自由市场经济政策的替代方案,以国家介入为主旨的产业政策,将对美国农业法案产生重要影响。本文在整理美国相关建议的基础上,探讨了新一轮美国农业法案对商品、农作物保险、保护、营养和农村发展5项计划的改革方向。在“新华盛顿共识”背景下,美国农业法案也将在本土化、农业保险、国际贸易合作、环境保护、社会经济平等方面做出一系列的政策调整。通过深入分析,本文从四个方面提出中国的应对之策:一是建立与国际规则相适应的补贴制度;二是完善农业保险制度;三是强化农业科技研发;四是拓展国际农业合作。

The U.S.agricultural policy has gone through four stages:price support policies,production flexibility and market-oriented policies,risk protection and diversification policies,and return to market-oriented policies.The“New Washington Consensus”,as an alternative to free-market economic policies,emphasizes industrial policies characterized by state intervention and will have a significant impact on the U.S.Farm Bill.This Paper explores the reform direction of the new round of U.S.Farm Bill in five programs:commodities,crop insurance,conservation,nutrition,and rural development,based on a compilation of relevant proposals in the United States.Under the background of the“New Washington Consensus”,the U.S.Farm Bill will also make a series of policy adjustments in localization,crop insurance,international trade cooperation,environmental protection,and socio-economic equality.By deeply analyzing and proposing China’s response in four areas:establishing the subsidy system that is in line with international rules,improving the agricultural insurance system,strengthening agricultural technology research and development,and expanding international agricultural cooperation.