欧盟畜牧业氨减排路径研究

Research on Ammonia Emission Reduction Path in EU Livestock Industry

畜牧业氨排放是国内外学者的研究热点。本文对欧盟畜牧业氨减排相关的法律、指令、推荐技术和实施效果进行了梳理分析,结果显示,通过建立区域协调组织架构、不断完善法律法规、适时更新指令要求,利用补贴等引导农民采用减排技术,同时筛选减排技术形成技术指南,引导农民选择适用减排技术,为畜牧业氨减排提供制度保障。欧盟秉持环境可接受、技术可推广、经济可承担的原则制定减排计划,历经被动氨减排、规划氨减排和氨减排瓶颈三个时期,经过40余年的探索和完善,逐渐建立了以政研深度交叉为特色的联合工作机制,倡导以提高氮利用效率为核心的“全生命周期”减排理念,近年来,逐渐转向以多污染物系统控制为目标的“协同减氨降碳”减排策略。

Research on ammonia emissions during animal husbandry are hot topic for domestic and foreign scholars.This paper conducted a systematic analysis on the laws,regulations,technical standards and implementation effect of EU livestock industry.The results show that,according to establish regional coordination organizational structure,improve laws and regulations continuously,update instruction requirements timely,using subsidies to guide farmers to adopt emission reduction technologies,screening emission reduction technologies to form technical guidelines and so on,ultimately forming the livestock ammonia emission reduction system of EU which guide farmers to adopt applicable emission reduction technologies.Study showed that EU has gone through three periods of passive ammonia emission reduction,planned ammonia emission reduction,and bottleneck in ammonia emission reduction,based on the three principles of acceptable environment,promotional technology and economically affordable.After more than 40 years of exploration and improvement,EU established a joint working mechanism featuring the deep intersection of political research gradually,advocated the“life cycle”emission reduction concept with the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency as the core.In recent years,EU started turn to the emission reduction strategy of“coordinated nitrogen control and carbon reduction”with the goal of multi-pollutant system cont.