基于洪涝灾害韧性GIS空间量化评价的城市应急避难规划

Urban emergency shelter planning based on GIS spatial quantitative evaluation of flood resilience

在全球气候变化与城市化进程加快的背景下,极端天气的产生导致城市洪涝灾害频发,成为威胁公众生命财产安全的主要自然灾害。因此,提高城市面对暴雨洪涝的能力,是城市化进程中面临的主要任务。本文以云南省昆明市主城五区为研究区域,通过洪涝灾害韧性GIS空间量化评价,对洪灾易发点、避难场所点,以及最短逃生路径、卫生医疗设施距离等进行相关分析,研究洪灾应急规划有效方法,并通过增强城市洪灾韧性,提高昆明市对洪灾的预防能力。研究结果表明,昆明市目前仍存在一定的洪涝灾害隐患,近几年随着城市规划的不断更新,昆明市主城区排水设施对于极端暴雨已经具备一定的抵抗力,但仍有提升空间。

In the context of global climate change and accelerated urbanization,the occurrence of extreme weather leads to frequent urban floods and becomes a major natural disaster threatening public life and property.Therefore,improving the ability of cities to face storm floods is the main task in the process of urbanization.This paper takes the five districts in the main city of Kunming Yunnan province as the research area,through the relevant analysis of flood-prone points and refuge sites,based on the relevant analysis of the shortest escape path planning,health,and medical facilities distance and other factors,studies the effective flood emergency planning method,and improves the flood prevention capacity of Kunming by enhancing the resilience of urban flood.The research results show that there are still some hidden dangers of flood and waterlogging in Kunming.In recent years,with the continuous updating of urban planning,the drainage system of the main urban area of Kunming has a certain resistance to extreme rainstorms,but there is still room for improvement.