声学黑洞铝型材板结构减振特性仿真研究

Simulation Study on Vibration Reduction Characteristics of Acoustic Black Hole Aluminum Profile Plate Structures

声学黑洞(Acoustic Black Hole,ABH)技术作为一种新型高效的能量聚焦以及振动控制技术,在减振降噪方面具有很好应用潜力。铝型材板结构作为一种夹层结构,具有高比刚度和高比强度等优异轻量化特性,广泛应用于列车外地板、船舶、航空航天等领域中。为了探究ABH和铝型材板结构相结合后是否还具有典型的ABH效应,运用有限元数值模拟方法研究嵌入式ABH铝型材板结构的振动能量聚焦特性。对于频点和频带聚焦特性分析结果表明,在铝型材板结构中嵌入ABH特征结构可以起到显著振动能量聚焦效果。此外,根据聚焦特性分析结果,在ABH铝型材板结构中的ABH特定区域内敷设阻尼材料,并通过仿真计算验证了其减振特性。结果表明,由ABH铝型材板结构附加阻尼材料所得的组合结构振动水平显著低于普通铝型材板结构,部分频率下振动衰减高达52.6 dB。这为轨道交通领域提供了一种很有应用潜力的结构减振降噪新思路。

Acoustic black hole(ABH),as a novel and efficient energy focusing and vibration control structure,has a good application potential in vibration and noise reduction.While aluminum profile plate structures are frequently utilized in the domains of ship,aerospace,and train external floors because of their great lightweight properties such as high specific stiffness and high specific strength.In order to detect whether the combination structure of ABH and the aluminum profile plate structure can still has the typical ABH efficiency,the focusing characteristics of vibration energy of the ABH aluminum profile plate structure are studied by finite element analysis.The results of frequency point and band focusing characteristics analysis show that the ABH feature structure embedded in aluminum profile plate structure can bring remarkable vibration energy focusing effect.According to the results of focusing characteristics analysis,the damping material laid in the ABH specific area of ABH aluminum profile plate structure can effectively dissipate the focused vibration energy,so as to achieve the purpose of vibration attenuation.The vibration level of the ABH aluminum profile plate structure with additional damping material is significantly lower than that of the conventional aluminum profile plate structure,and the vibration attenuation is as high as 52.6 dB at some frequencies according to the results of finite element analysis.This offers a novel concept for structural vibration and noise reduction which has significant application potential in rail transportation.