面向高质量开行的中欧班列开行方案动态优化方法研究

Study on the high quality operation plan of China Railway Express

为满足中欧班列高质量发展的目标要求,将运力优先释放给高质量货物,基于分类货物对班列开行质量的贡献程度对中欧班列开行方案的优化方法进行研究。首先,将货物按照货物价值、来源班列运营平台、时效性不同进行分类,并设置货物运输效益系数,计算出包含经济效益及社会效益在内的不同品类货物的综合货物运输效益,用于反映货物运输特性对班列开行质量的影响。其次,根据线路现状选择备选城市作为集结中心,设计出“混合轴辐式”中欧班列开行模式,并加入时间因素构建出时空网络。然后,以货流平衡、班列接续、编组限制、集结中转作业及口岸作业限制等能力为约束条件,建立了以班列开行综合运输效益最优为目标的开行方案优化模型。结合模型特点,进一步设计列生成算法对优化模型进行求解,并利用Gurobi软件对限制主问题和原整数规划问题进行了求解。算例表明,基于“混合轴辐式”网络的“直达+中转”模式,使得运输需求满足率提升了3.56%,优化后的中欧班列开行方案实现了在口岸能力有限的情况下对运营质量较好班列公司的货物以及高价值时间敏感货物进行优先运输,并使其均衡到达口岸以缓解口岸拥堵,顺应中欧班列高质量运输的发展需求。研究可以为中欧班列日常运输计划的制定提供支撑。

In order to meet the target requirements of high-quality development of China Railway Express and prioritize the release of capacity to high-quality cargo,this paper studied the method of optimizing the operation scheme of China Railway Express based on the contribution of categorized cargo to the operation quality of the Liner.Firstly,cargo was classified according to its value,the origin and timeliness of the train operation platform.The cargo transportation efficiency coefficient was set to calculate the comprehensive cargo transportation efficiency of different categories of cargo including economic and social benefits,which was used to reflect the influence of cargo transportation characteristics on the train operation quality.Secondly,according to the current situation of the route,alternative cities were selected as consolidation centers.An“axle-spoke”model for the operation of the China Railway Express was designed.A time-space network was constructed by adding the time factor.Then,with the objective of optimizing the comprehensive transport efficiency of the operation of the liner,an operation scheme optimization model was established based on the capacity constraints such as cargo flow balance,train connection,grouping restrictions,consolidation and transshipment operations and port operation restrictions.Combining the characteristics of the model,the column generation algorithm for solving the optimization model was further designed,and the restricted master problem and the original integer planning problem were solved using Gurobi software.The calculation results show that the“direct+transit”model based on a“spoke”network can increase the traffic demand satisfaction rate by 3.56%.The optimized scheme achieves priority transportation of better-operated trains and high-value time-sensitive cargoes with limited capacity at the port,and allows them to arrive at the port in a balanced manner,relieving congestion at the port.The study can provide support for the development of the daily transportation plan of the China Railway Expressto meet the requirements of high-quality development of China Railway Express and prioritize the release of freight capacity to high-quality goods.This paper studies the optimization method of the operation scheme of China Railway Express based on"hub-and-spoke"network.