豆科绿肥作物害虫苜蓿叶象甲的鉴定与预警

Identification and early warning of Hypera postica(Coleoptera:Curculionidae),a severe pest of legume cover crops

苜蓿叶象甲Hypera postica是我国苜蓿Medicago sativa上的重要害虫,主要分布在新疆、甘肃、内蒙古等畜牧业主产区。作者2023年4月在安徽省芜湖市南陵县调查紫云英Astragalus sinicus虫害时,在当地紫云英留种田中发现疑似苜蓿叶象甲严重为害紫云英茎叶,对紫云英生长和产量产生严重影响。为明确该种害虫的分类地位,在田间收集了幼虫并带回室内饲养,在对幼虫和成虫形态学初步鉴定的基础上,采用DNA条形码进行了分子鉴定,最终确定为苜蓿叶象甲,且发现该地区苜蓿叶象甲种群存在明显的种内分化。结合苜蓿叶象甲的生物学与生态学特性,对其在我国的传播及其对绿肥作物的危害做出了预警,并提出了防治建议。

The alfalfa leaf weevil,Hypera postica,is an important pest of alfalfa crops in China,particularly in major livestock production regions such as Xinjiang,Gansu,and Inner Mongolia.During an investigation of pest causing damage to Astragalus sinicus in Nanling county,Wuhu city,Anhui province,suspected traces of H.postica were discovered in local seed fields,where the stems and leaves of A.sinicus were severely damaged by the insect.To clarify the classification status of this pest,the larvae were collected and brought back to the laboratory for rearing.Preliminary identification of both larvae and adults was conducted based on morphological characters,and then molecular identification was performed using DNA barcodes,confirming the insect as the alfalfa leaf weevil,H.postica.Furthermore,it was found that there were significant intra-species variations within the local population.According to the biological and ecological characteristics of H.postica,a warning has been issued regarding the potential spread of this pest in China and its detrimental impact on cover crops,and insect pest control suggestions were also proposed.