肠道菌群与溃疡性结肠炎研究进展

Research progress of gut microbiota and ulcerative colitis

溃疡性结肠炎(UC)是一种以结直肠黏膜呈连续性、弥漫性炎症改变为特点的慢性非特异性大肠炎症性疾病。近年来我国UC的发病率逐渐增高,然而UC的病因、发病机制尚不明确,目前研究表明遗传因素、环境因素,肠道菌群变化,免疫系统发生紊乱以及氧化损伤等与UC的发病密切相关。人体肠道内含有大量的菌群,其不仅是肠道生物屏障的重要组成部分,而且与人体的免疫功能、代谢功能、营养作用等密切相关。当肠道菌群发生紊乱时,会严重影响能量、脂质和葡萄糖代谢等途径,打破肠道内的免疫平衡,从而导致UC的发病。通过移植健康人群的肠道菌群来治疗UC患者是有效、安全的新型方法。本文对溃疡性结肠炎、肠道菌群以及粪便菌群移植研究现状进行综述,以便为后续研究作参考。

Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic non-specific inflammatory disease of the large intestine characterized by continuous and diffuse inflammatory changes in the colorectal mucosa.In recent years,the incidence of UC in China has gradually increased,but the etiology and pathogenesis of UC are still unclear.Current studies have shown that genetic factors,environmental factors,intestinal flora changes,immune system disorders and oxidative damage are closely related to the pathogenesis of UC.The human gut contains a large number of flora,which is not only an important part of the intestinal biological barrier,but also closely related to the immune function,metabolic function,and nutrition of the human body.When the intestinal flora is disordered,it will seriously affect the pathways of energy,lipid and glucose metabolism,break the immune balance in the intestine,and lead to the pathogenesis of UC.It is an effective and safe new treatment method to treat UC patients by transplanting intestinal flora from healthy people.This article reviews the research status of ulcerative colitis,intestinal flora and fecal flora transplantation,so as to provide reference for follow-up research.